10. Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal system functions

Answer 1

-Provides attachments for movement
-offers protection for vital organs
-Bones formed via ossification of cartilage

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

For protection, shape, red blood cell production

E.g cranium, thoracic cage, vertebral column,pelvis

Sport - heading ball in football

Question 3

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

Movement, Muscle attachment, support weight of body

Eg radius, ulna, femur, tibia

Sport - bowling in cricket

Question 4

What is cartilage?

Answer 4

Strong , flexible, connective tissue that protects bones & joints
-Acts as a shock absorber
-reduces friction between bones

Question 5

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 5

• Hyaline
• elastic
• fibro

Question 6

Bones articulating shoulder joint

Answer 6

Scapula
Humerus

Question 7

Bones articulating hip joint

Answer 7

Femur
Pelvis

Question 8

Bones articulating knee joint

Answer 8

Tibia
Femur

Question 9

Bones articulating elbow joint

Answer 9

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

Question 10

Bones articulating ankle joint

Answer 10

Tibia
Fibula
Talus

Question 11

Bones articulating wrist joint

Answer 11

Radius
Carpals

Question 12

What are the 5 types of bones?

Answer 12

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 13

Long bones

Answer 13

Support weight, facilitates movement, acts as levers

Eg femur, radius

Question 14

Short bones

Answer 14

Provide stability, small movements

Eg tarsals, carpals

Question 15

Flat bones

Answer 15

Protect internal organs, blood cell production

Eg cranium, ribs

Question 16

Irregular bones

Answer 16

Muscle attachment, movement, protection

Eg vertebrae, sacrum

Question 17

Sesamoid bones

Answer 17

Protect/reinforce tendons

E.g patella

Question 18

Muscular system function

Answer 18

Attach to bones to contract and create movement

Question 19

Types of muscles in muscular system

Answer 19

Striated
Voluntary

Question 20

What is un antagonistic muscle pair?

Answer 20

Pair of muscles that work together to allow movement

As one contracts (shortens) the other relaxes (lengthens)

Question 21

What is the agonist muscle?

Answer 21

The muscle directly responsible for/ controls the movement

Shortens / contracts

Question 22

What is the antagonist muscle?

Answer 22

Relaxes to allow movement to happen

Relaxes / lengthens

Question 23

Antagonistic muscle pair examples

Answer 23

Biceps & triceps
Rhomboid, trapezius & pectorals
Abdominals & erector spinae
Deltoids & latissimus dorsi
Quadriceps & hamstring
Tibias anterior & gastrocnemius
Gluteals & hip flexor

Question 24

What is a synergist muscle?

Answer 24

Assists the agonist in performing movement

Eg bicep curl → brachioradalis assists bicep

Question 25

What is a fixator muscle?

Answer 25

Stabilises origin of agonist muscle so it can work efficiently

Question 26

3 types of muscle contraction

Answer 26

Isometric Concentric isotonic Eccentric isotonic

Question 27

What happens in isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 27

Doesn't create movement Muscle produces tension without hanging length Eg crucifix, handstand, plank

Question 28

What happens in concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 28

Muscle shortens under tension to produce force Eg upward phase of bicep curl (bicep)

Question 29

What happens in eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 29

Muscle lengthens under tension to control/ decelerate movement Eg downward phase of squat (quadriceps)

Question 30

What is a joint?

Answer 30

A point where 2 bones meet

Question 31

3 types of joints

Answer 31

Fibrous Cartilogenous Synovial

Question 32

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 32

- Allows no movement - No joint cavity - Bones held together by fibrous, connective tissue Eg cranium, pelvic girdle

Question 33

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 33

- Allows small amount of movement - bones separated by cartilage Eg ribs joining sternum, vertebrae joining to form spine

Question 34

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 34

- Allows movement freely / in multiple directions - fluid -filled cavity surrounded by particular capsule - hyaline / particular cartilage between bones

Question 35

Types of synovial joints - ball & socket

Answer 35

Allows movement in all directions Eg shoulder, hip

Question 36

Types of synovial joints - hinge

Answer 36

Movement in one direction Eg knee, ankle, elbow

Question 37

Types of synovial joints - pivot

Answer 37

Only allows rotational movement Eg atlas & axis vertebrae in neck, between radius & ulna

Question 38

Types of synovial joints - condyloid / elipsoid

Answer 38

Allows side to side movement & forwards and backwards Eg wrist

Question 39

Types of synovial joints - gliding

Answer 39

Allows slight movement in every direction between 2 flat surfaces Eg metacarpals/ tarsals, vertebrae

Question 40

Types of synovial joints - saddle

Answer 40

Allows flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction (no rotation) Eg between carpals & metacarpals

Question 41

Flexion

Answer 41

Decrease in angle at joint Eg- upward phase of bicep curl

Question 42

Extension

Answer 42

Increase in angle at joint Eg. Downward phase of bicep curl

Question 43

Abduction

Answer 43

Movement away from midline of body Eg outward motion of star jump

Question 44

Adduction

Answer 44

Movement towards midline of body Eg. Inward motion of star jump

Question 45

Mnemonic to remember planes + axis

Answer 45

Shit For The (Planes) Teams Feit League (Axes) Shit Teams Forfeit The League

Question 46

Movement in sagittal plane & transverse axis

Answer 46

Forwards / backwards Up / down

Question 47

Movement examples in sagittar plane & transverse axis

Answer 47

Flexion / extension Plantarflexion / dorsiflexion Somersault Overhead throw Bicep curl Calf raises

Question 48

Movement in frontal plane & frontal axis

Answer 48

Side to side

Question 49

Movement examples in frontal plane & frontal axis

Answer 49

Adduction / abduction Cartwheel Crucifix Lateral raise Glute abduction

Question 50

Movement in transverse plane & longitudinal axis

Answer 50

Rotational

Question 51

Movement examples in transverse plane & longitudinal axis

Answer 51

Rotation Horizontal flexion / extension Pirouette Hammerthrow Dumbbell fly Russian twist