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Physical Education > 1. Energy Systems > Flashcards

1. Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work (joules)

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2
Q

How many energy systems are there?

A

3 - 2 anaerobic, 1 aerobic

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3
Q

What is ATP?

A

adenosine triphosphate - a molecule that stores and supplies energy

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4
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

energy from food

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5
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

movement energy (skeletal muscle contraction)

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6
Q

What is potential energy?

A

stored energy

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7
Q

What is work?

A

force x distance (joules)

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8
Q

What is power?

A

work performed over a unit of time (watts)

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9
Q

What are the 4 substrates / food fuels?

A

PCr, glucose, lipids, amino acids

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10
Q

What are the 2 anaerobic energy systems called?

A

ATP-PCr system, anaerobic glycolysis/lactic acid system

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11
Q

What is the aerobic energy system called?

A

Aerobic glycolysis

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12
Q

What source of energy is immediately available?

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q

What does the breakdown of ATP result in?

A

energy for movement

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14
Q

How long does ATP last for before needing to be resynthesised?

A

2-4 seconds

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15
Q

What type of exercise is the ATP-PCr system used for?

A

very high intensity, 90-100% maximum heart rate

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16
Q

What is the energy yield for the ATP-PCr system?

A

1mol ATP per 1 mol PCr

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17
Q

What is PCr?

A

Phosphocreatine - compound stored in sarcoplasm in muscle

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18
Q

What is creatine kinase?

A

An enzyme that detects high levels of ADP

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19
Q

What is ADP?

A

adenosine diphosphate

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20
Q

PCr breakdown equation

A

PCr > P + Cr + energy > ADP + Pi + energy > ATP

21
Q

How long does the ATP-PCr system last?

A

8-12 seconds

22
Q

How long does it take for PCr stores to be replenished?

A

3 mins for approx. 98% stores

23
Q

Advantages of ATP-PCr system:

A

-immediately available energy
-doesn’t produce lactic acid
-no waste products
-doesn’t require oxygen
-replenishes ATP quickly

24
Q

Disadvantages of ATP-PCr system:

A

-only a short store of energy
-long recovery time
-low ATP yield per PCr

25
Q

ATP-PCr system example sporting activities

A

-heavy weightlifting
-100m sprint

26
Q

What occurs in the anaerobic glycolysis system?

A

breaks down glucose and glycogen to form ATP

27
Q

How is glucose stored in the body?

A

as glycogen in liver and muscle cells

28
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis equation

A

glycogen > glucose > (energy) > pyruvic acid > lactic acid > lactate/hydrogen ions

29
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis energy yield

A

2 mol ATP per 1 mol glycogen

30
Q

How do hydrogen ions affect exercise?

A

They cause fatigue by increasing the blood acidity causing enzymes to denature so their ability to catalyse reactions is slowed

31
Q

What type of exercise is the anaerobic glycolysis system used for?

A

High intensity, 2-3mins but peaks at 1 min

32
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis example sporting activities:

A

-netball
-football
-400m-800m race

33
Q

Advantages of anaerobic glycolysis system:

A

-higher energy yield - 2 ATP per 1 glycogen
-oxygen not needed
-lasts 3mins
-rely on food to replace glucose
-sustain high intensity activity for longer

34
Q

Disadvantages of anaerobic glycolysis system:

A

-peaks at 1min so inconsistent
-produces lactic acid (H+ ions)
-produces fatiguing by-product
-takes longer to replenish ATP

35
Q

What 3 ways does the aerobic glycolysis system produce ATP?

A

-krebs cycle
-electron transport chain
-beta oxidation

36
Q

Aerobic glycolysis equation

A

glycogen > glucose > (energy - 2 ATP) > pyruvic acid > (O2) > acetyl coenzyme A > krebs cycle > (CO2, H- electrons) (2 ATP) > electron transport chain > (CO2, H2O) (34 ATP)

37
Q

aerobic glycolysis energy yield

A

38 ATP

38
Q

aerobic glycolysis example sporting activities

A

-marathon
-long distance cycle

39
Q

What type of exercise is the aerobic glycolysis system used for?

A

low intensity, 5+mins

40
Q

advantages of aerobic glycolysis system:

A

-greater energy yield - 38 ATP
-no fatiguing by-products
-utilises 3 energy substrates/food fuels

41
Q

disadvantages of aerobic glycolysis system:

A

-generates ATP slowest
-needs sufficient amount of oxygen

42
Q

aerobic lipolysis equation:

A

fats > glycerol + free fatty acids > acetyl coenzyme A > krebs cycle > electron transport chain (147 ATP)

43
Q

Energy continuum principle

A

Energy systems don’t switch from one system to another
There is a more predominant energy system however all are active but interchanging

44
Q

Factors influencing energy system used

A

-Intensity
-Duration
- fitness level

45
Q

Exercise intensity - influence on energy system

A
  • the more intense the exercise, the more amount of PC and muscle glycogen (anaerobic stores) will be used
  • lower to medium intensity will predominantly use the aerobic system
46
Q

Exercise duration - influence on energy system

A

-If exercise is a longer duration it is more likely to use the aerobic system
- shorter duration & higher intensity will use the anaerobic system

47
Q

Fitness level - influence on energy system

A
  • Higher level of aerobic system will take longer to reach anaerobic threshold
  • when performing anaerobically there is limited energy available
    -If exercise continues performer will run out of anaerobic stores so return to aerobic & intensity will drop
  • greater anaerobic fitness means performer can work anaerobically for longer producing more powerful movements
48
Q

Food fuels / energy substrates

A
  1. PCr → 90 - 100% max HR (ATP-PC), 8 - 12 secs
  2. Glucose (carbohydrates) → 80 - 90% (anaerobic glycolysis) 3 mins, 60 - 80% (aerobic glycolysis) 5+ mins
  3. Lipids (fats) → 40 - 60%, when glucose depleted
  4. Amino acids (proteins), when glucose/lipids depleted

Physical Education (10 decks)

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