13- Leadership

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

Leader- someone who has influence in helping others to achieve their goals
■ Can maintain effort ad motivation by inspiring the team or setting target

Question 2

Types of leader

Answer 2

Emergent-appointed from within the group

Prescribed- appointed from outside the group

Question 3

Qualities of a leader

Answer 3

• charisma
• communication
• inspirational
• confidence
• experience
• empathy
• interpersonal skills
• organisational skills

Question 4

Styles of leadership

Answer 4

Styles a leader can adopt are:

1. Autocratic – leader makes all decisions. Dictates instructions
2. Task – task orientated (set target, achieve quickly), concerned with results.
3. Democratic – leader listens to the group before making a decision.
4. Person orientated – concerned with individual success/wellbeing. Concerned with interpersonal relationships
5. Laissez-faire – leader has little input. Led by senior players, less motivated players can stop working

■ The choice of leadership style can depend on how good the situation is.
■ Autocratic – leader is best in a positive (most favourable) or negative (least favourable) situation.
■ Democratic – leader is best in a moderately favourable situation.

Question 5

Fiedler’s Contingency Model

Answer 5

Autocratic (task orientated)

• most favourable
• clear task
• group get on/support each other
• strong leader
• respect for leader
• high ability
• high levels of motivation

Democratic (person orientated)

• moderately favourable
• need for consultation
• some support
• some harmony
• some clarity
• time to discuss
• motivation is moderate
• group has reasonable ability

Autocratic (task oriented)

• least favourable
• unclear task
• hostile group
• weak leader
• little respect for a leader
• low ability
• low motivation
• little support for group members

Question 6

Chelladurai’s Multi Dimensional Model of Leadership (1980)

Answer 6

■ Leader should use an interactive approach to balance the situation, the leader and the group.
>Situation – Individual sports may need a more democratic/ laissez faire style e.g. Athletics
■ A complex task may need more autocratic style
>Group – Lots of numbers may dictate a different style of leadership

Question 7

Chelladurai – Three factors that affect leadership

Answer 7

■ Situation can be affected by – time available, type of task, danger.
■ Leader can be affected by – leader characteristics, experience, preference.
■ Group can be affected by – group size, group ability (novice/expert), age, gender.

Question 8

Leadership behaviour

Answer 8

Assess the influences then chose how to behave

3 options:
■ Required Behaviour- What the situation demands
■ Preferred Behaviour- What the group wants
■ Actual Behaviour- What the leader decides to do in relation to leadership style

Question 9

Leadership topic summary

Answer 9

■ There are two types of leader, prescribed and emergent, that can operate in an autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire style.
■ The choice of style depends upon the situation, the leader characteristics and the group members. The theories of Fiedler and Chelladurai explain the relationship between these factors and leadership style.