12- Self Efficacy no.1

Question 1

Confidence in sport defines

Answer 1

A belief in your ability to master a sport

Question 2

Vealey

Answer 2

Confidence is based on:

• personality: your level of competitiveness and achievement motivation
  2. Experience – your amount of past success on the task and your belief in your ability to succeed in future.
  3. Situation – playing at home or away, for example.

It relies on the interaction of al of the above as the combination of all 3 will affect your confidence

Question 3

Interaction

Answer 3

The combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation

Question 4

Trait vs state confidence

Answer 4

Trait Confidence-
The belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports

State Confidence-
The belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment

Question 5

Trait and state 2.0

Answer 5

• Trait confidence – consistent, innate confidence shown in most situations.
• State confidence – is situation specific, e.g. taking a penalty. Temporary, can vary depending on the interaction of experience and personality.

This is how a performer rates their ability to perform at a particular moment.

The interaction between these two is important. A naturally confident hockey player who has taken many penalty flicks before will be very confident of scoring from the spot in future games.

Question 6

Vealy’s model of self confidence

Answer 6

■ Looks at the influence of State confidence, Trait confidence, the Situation and the Competitive Orientation
■ It was then suggested that state and trait confidence combine to produce confidence in an Objective Sporting Situation.
■ If it is a skill that you have completed successfully in the past both State and Trait confidence will be high but the Objective Sporting Situation takes into account the conditions and the crowd or pressure
■ The performer then evaluates the result of the performance
■ The player then makes a judgement of how well they did, taking into account the Objective sporting situation eg I
crossed well today especially with the wind
■ The result from that judgement may lead to improved confidence and a good Competitive orientation
■ This means that the performer is prepared to try hard in most sporting situations and develops characteristics of approach behaviour. This means confidence gained in one area of sport may improve confidence in a different sporting activity
■ The judgement is known as the Subjective Outcome. If this is good then trait confidence and competitive orientation increase but if the subjective outcome is bad then both decrease

Question 7

Competing orientation

Answer 7

How much a performer is drawn to a challenging situation

Question 8

Objective sporting situations

Answer 8

= The performance is a combination of the type of skill and the situation the skill is performed in

Question 9

Self efficacy

Answer 9

Self Efficacy
A belief in the
ability to master a sporting situation

Question 10

Self efficacy

Answer 10

High Self Efficacy increases task persistence and motivation

According to Bandura, four factors affect confidence in any situation.
1. Performance accomplishments – what you have done before.
2. Vicarious experience – seeing others (models) do it. Most effective if of a similar ability
3. Verbal persuasion – reinforcement and encouragement. Most effective from significant others
4. Emotional arousal – your interpretation of your level of anxiety. Do you experience cognitive or somatic symptoms?
■ If all four factors are positive, then a highly satisfactory performance will be reinforced

Question 11

Emotional arousal

Answer 11

Emotional Arousal

A perception of the effects of anxiety on performance

Question 12

How can you improve confidence

Answer 12

• performance accomplishments
• viscarous experience
• verbal persuasion
• emotional arousal

Question 13

Performance accomplishments

Answer 13

• Set realistic/ attainable goals, develop when required
• Allow success in training (early)
• Set goals on performance not outcome
• Point out past successful
performances

Question 14

Viscarous experience

Answer 14

• Show accurate demonstrations using attainable role models

Question 15

Verbal persuasion

Answer 15

• Avoid social comparison
• Coach one on one
• Use rewards
• Give reinforcement and praise
• Give support and encouragement
• Attribute success internally- to the athlete

Question 16

Emotional arousal

Answer 16

• Stress Management techniques to control Arousal
• Use mental practice, visualisation or imagery
• Some factors can fit in other boxes.

Question 17

Home field advantage

Answer 17

■ Can cause different positive and negative responses in both teams
■ The effects of Homefield advantage are bigger if the crowd are close to the pitch, if the crowd is big and more supportive.
■ The more hostile the crowd the more negative the effect is for them

Question 18

Positives and negatives of home field advantage

Answer 18

Home team positives
\+ves
Home crowd support and encouragement
Familiar environment
Increased Confidence
Increased Motivation
Social Facilitation
Functional Assertive Behaviour- (more assertion and correct responses) Can lead to more fluent play and more wins
Home crowd pressures the away team (anxiety)

Home team negatives
-ves
Can ‘choke’- increased pressure raises anxiety and decreases performance (catastrophe theory)

Away team
Increased Anxiety
Less effective play More fouls
Social Inhibition
Away team motivated to defend