13. Fainting or fighting

Question 1

Haemodynamic consequences of response to haemorrhage

Phase 1

Answer 1

Blood pressure maintained
Increased HR + VR
Baroreflex
Decreased tissue blood flow

Question 2

Haemodynamic consequences of response to haemorrhage

Phase 2

Answer 2

Hypotension
Decreased HR + VR
Increase in vagal activity and sympatho-inhibition
Depressor reflex

Question 3

Potential advantages of fainting in phase 2

Answer 3

Cardioprotective?
Improved coronary perfusion?
Increased diastolic filling time

Question 4

Syncope/faint

Answer 4

brief loss of consciousness

due to momentary reduction of blood flow to the brain

Question 5

First aid treatment of faints

Answer 5

Lie casualty down
raise legs
Loosen tighten clothing 
Check airway,  breathing,  pulse and level responsiveness maintain airway and breathing
recovery position

Question 6

Arterial wound

Answer 6

Spurts in time with the heart beat

Bright red

Question 7

Venous wound

Answer 7

not under direct pressure from the heart

oozes

Question 8

Capillary bleeding

Answer 8

slight and easily controlled

More like a trickle

Question 9

External bleeding initial treatment

Answer 9

S: Sit or lay the casualty down in a position appropriate to the wound and extent of bleeding
E: Examine the wound looking for foreign objects
E: Elevate the wound above heart level
P: Apply direct or indirect pressure

Question 10

Effects of injury on the response to haemorrhage

Answer 10

attenuates Phase II of the response to haemorrhage
Bradycardia blocked
BP maintained higher for longer
increased mortality

Mechanism: Haemodynamic effect + increased secondary organ damage?