1. CRH Inflammation

Question 1

Body fluid compartment: Water in a 70kg adult

Answer 1

42L

Question 2

Three stages of the acute inflammatory response

Answer 2

1) Changes to vessel diameter and flow dynamics
2) Increase in vascular permeability and formation of fluid exudate
3) Neutrophil emmigration

Question 3

Atheroma - Acute Occlusion

Answer 3

Sudden onset of pain

Pallor

Absent pulses

Numbness

Coldness

Question 4

Atheroma - Chronic Occlusion

Answer 4

Insidious onset of ischaemia

Intermittent claudication

Night cramps

Question 5

Management of atheroma

Answer 5

Bypass Thrombolytic therapy

Increase exercise

Grafting

Growth factor therapy

Stop smoking

Question 6

Virchow’s Triad

Answer 6

Question 7

Acute thrombophlebitis

Answer 7

• Symptoms usually arise over 1-2 days
• Usually self-limiting, lasting up to two weeks, after which acute process subsides.
• Can be painful, swollen.
• Can be superficial or deep

Question 8

Superficial thrombophlebitis

Answer 8

Thrombosed superficial vein

Can often be palpated

Pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth

Question 9

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Answer 9

Soreness when standing and/or walking

Deep calf pain on palpation

Sometimes difficult to differentiate from muscle pain

Differential diagnosis – Popliteal cyst

Question 10

Consequences of DVT

Answer 10

Embolism

Pulmonary embolism

MI

CVA

Question 11

Management of DVT

Answer 11

Initially, hospitalisation

Low molecular weight heparin via infusion

Elevation of limb

Oral warfarin

Use of compression hosiery

Question 12

Body fluid compartments:

ECF

Answer 12

14L

Question 13

Body fluid compartments:

ICF

Answer 13

28L

Question 14

Body Fluid Compartments:

Plasma

Answer 14

3.5L

Question 15

Body Fluid Compartments:

IF

Answer 15

10.5L