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Network Plus 12/10/23 > 1.3 Explain the concepts and characteristics of routing and switching. > Flashcards

1.3 Explain the concepts and characteristics of routing and switching. Flashcards

1
Q

Broadcast domains

A

A set of devices on a network that can hear broadcast traffic from each other.

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2
Q

ARP Requests

A

Broadcasts Look to resolve a known IP addresses by finding an unknown mac address of that device. they are always broadcast and heard by every device on the network.

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3
Q

How is an ARP request sent?

A

ARP broadcasts a request packet to all the machines on the LAN and asks if any of the machines are using that particular IP address.

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4
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carier sense multiple access with collision detection.
A media access control method that was widely used in Early Ethernet technology/LANs when there used to be shared Bus Topology and each node ( Computers) were connected By Coaxial Cables. This protocol decides which station will transmit when so that data reaches the destination without corruption.

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5
Q

CSMA/CA

A

Carier sense multiple access with collision avoidance.
Used by Wi-Fi

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6
Q

Collision domains

A

all devices that can have their messages collide with messages from other deivces.

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7
Q

Full Duplex comminications

A

Devices can transmit to the switch port and switch port cna send to device at the same time.

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8
Q

WiFi networks are based on

A

IEEE 802.11 standards

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9
Q

Hidden node problem

A

Wireless devices can both be of a AP but not each other. They cant sense when the other is talking so can send traffic to the AP at the same time creating a collision.

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10
Q

what is a PDU

A

(Protocol Data Unit) Represents a specific set of data at each layer.

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11
Q

PDU of layer 7

A

data

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12
Q

PDU of layer 6

A

data

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13
Q

PDU of layer 5

A

data

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14
Q

PDU of layer 4

A

segment or datagram

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15
Q

PDU of layer 3

A

packet

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16
Q

PDU of layer 2

A

frame

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17
Q

PDU of layer 1

A

bits/bytes

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18
Q

Maximum transmission unit (MTU) of ethernet

A

Max 1500 bytes consisting of an IP header and data can be placed inside of an Ethernet frame.

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19
Q

multicast

A

single device sends a packet to a group of interestd computers

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20
Q

unicast

A

one device sends a message directoly to another device

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21
Q

VLANS

A

Segment a network into various departments and components.

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22
Q

what is trunking 802.1q

A

process of transferring VLAN traffic between two or more switches.

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22
Q

trunk port

A

port on a switch configured to carry all traffic regardless of VLAN number. Enables same vlans hosted on multiple switches to talk to each other.0

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23
Q

802.1q tagging standard

A

allows frames to e sent within a VLAN.

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24
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation. a process that enables one, unique IP address to represent an entire group of computers. In network address translation, a network device, often a router or NAT firewall, assigns a computer or computers inside a private network a public address.

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25
Q

DMZ

A

area of the network carved out by a single or multiple firewalls to provide a special place on the network servers need to be publicly accessible from the internet.

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26
Q

802.3

A

IEEE Ethernet standard

27
Q

PoE

A

802.3af…

28
Q

Port Mirroring

A

Managed switches can copy data from any or all physical ports on a switch to a single physical port.

29
Q

Advantage of port mirroring

A

With port mirroring enabled, the packets can be monitored and analyzed.

30
Q

Fault Tolerance

A

ability to continue operating despite failures or malfunctions.

31
Q

ARP Cache

A

When a device wants to communicate with another device on the same local network, it checks its ARP cache to find the MAC address associated with the desired IP address.

32
Q

Distance-vector routing protocols

A

use one of several algorithms to determine the best route to other routers based on the cost (distance) and director (vector)

33
Q

Access control list

A

Collection of statements applied to an interface that can permit or deny traffic.

34
Q

Do ACLs have an implicit deny?

A

Yes. Automatically deny any packets that don’t match a rule. Maybe write a line to permit traffic that wasn’t dropped by the first rule.

35
Q

Distributed switching

A

seperate phyiscal switches act as a single switch.

36
Q

VVS Virtual Switching System

A

Virtual Switching System (VSS) is a technology developed by Cisco that allows two physical switches to operate as a single logical switch. Let’s dive into the details:
Overview:
A VSS combines a pair of Catalyst 6500 series switches into a single network element.
The VSS manages redundant links, which externally act as a single port channel.
It simplifies network configuration and operation by reducing the number of Layer 3 routing neighbors and providing a loop-free Layer 2 topology12.

37
Q

Port forwarding

A

Allows outside services to access internal network. Sets up public services on your network such as web servers, FTP servers, e-mail servers, or other specialized Internet applications. Also known as a static route or destination NAT.

38
Q

Routers and switches were designed with two closely integrated parts:

A

A control plane makes decision on how to move traffic. Data plane responsible for executing those decisions.

39
Q

SDN

A

Cuts the control plain of individual devices out of the picture and lets an all knowing program called a network controller. can dictate how both physical and virtual network components move traffic through the network.

40
Q

Neighbor discovery

A

a protocol used for IPv6 traffic that allows different nodes on the same link to advertise their existence to their neighbors, and to learn about the existence of their neighbors.

41
Q

Diffserv

A

the underlying architecture that makes QoS work

42
Q

Traffic shaping

A

QoS through bandwidth management. you control the flow of packets into or out of the network according to the type of packet or rules.

43
Q

QoS

A

polices that prioritize traffic based on certain rules. These rules control how much bandwidth a protocol, PC, user, VLAN or IP address may use.

44
Q

What breaks up a broadcast domain.

A

Router

45
Q

Switch will forward a broadcast to all ports extept

A

the interface the message came from.

46
Q

whatis half duplx

A

older tech. when a node come only transmit or receive at one time, not simultaneously.

47
Q

what is carrier sense

A

means that each machine on the network examines the cable before sending a data frame

48
Q

multiple access

A

all machines have equal access to the wire.

49
Q

What is a collision

A

when two nodes use the cable simultaneously

50
Q

can wifi transmit and receive at the same time?

A

no

51
Q

name three distance vector routing protocols

A

RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP

52
Q

what is a hop?

A

each time a packet goes through a router

53
Q

RIPv1

A

– Port 520. Uses hop count as a routing metric to find the best path between the source and the destination network. A Dynamic Routing Protocol. Works in Network Layer 3

54
Q

RIPv2

A

fixes RIPv1 by adding VLSM (Variable length subnet masking) support, and authentication. multicasting instead of broadcasting.

55
Q

EIGRP

A

a distance vector routing protocol.

56
Q

what is IPv6 addressing

A

a 128-bit address displayed in hexadecimal format and not the dotted decimal notation that is used by IPv4.

57
Q

two things about ipv6

A

Not case sensitive and do not need to place leading zeros at the beginning of a hextet.

58
Q

hextet

A

unofficial name of one of the eight groups of 16-bit groups.

59
Q

6 to 4

A

tunneling protocol that enables ipv6 traffic to use ipv4 without having to use explicit tunnels.

60
Q

Three types of ways to send a frame or packet.

A

Broadcast, Multicast, Unicast.

61
Q

Advantage of VLANS

A

Better security and performance.

62
Q

802.af

A

PoE

63
Q

SPANNIng tree protocol STP

A

Elimate the problem of potential switching loops.

64
Q

How does a Switch create a MAC address table

A

Creates a mac address for very computer on the network ny learning sorce mac address of frames.

65
Q

Link State

A

Routing protocols that allow routers to construct their own topology map of the network.

66
Q

OSPF

A

Dynamic link state routing protocol. Which most autonomous systems use.

Network Plus 12/10/23 (17 decks)

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