13. Electricity & current Flashcards
What do positively charged objects attract?
Negative and neutral objects.
What are the 3 subatomic particles called?
Proton, neutron, electron.
Which subatomic particle is positive and which is negative?
Proton is positive, electron is negative.
What does an electric field represent?
The area where a force acts on a charged particle.
What usually depicts an electrical charge?
Field lines.
What are the 3 rules for drawing electric fields?
- Draw them out of positive charges and into negative charges. 2. Areas of denser field lines have stronger fields. 3. Field lines can never cross or touch each other.
What does Coulomb’s law explain?
The force of attraction of repulsion between 2 charged objects.
What is proportional to the amount of energy transferred, and inversely proportional to the magnitude of the test charge?
Electric potential.
What is also known as electric potential difference?
Voltage.
What is voltage?
The change in electrical potential between two points.
Current flows from where to where?
Positive to negative.
What is the flow of positive charge around a circuit?
Conventional current.
Where does charge flow in a DC current?
In one direction.
How does charge flow in an AC current?
It vibrates back and forth.
What are the 2 types of current?
AC and DC.
What measures how much the object opposes the flow of charge?
Resistance.
Whose law explains that voltage across the component is directly proportional to both current and resistance?
Ohm’s law.
What is the name of materials that allow electrical current to flow?
Conductors.
What is the name of materials that do not allow electrons to flow freely?
Insulators.
What are common materials used for conductors?
Copper and aluminium.
What are common materials used for insulation?
Rubber and plastic.
What is electric power?
The rate at which energy is transferred.
How many equations can be used to find power?
3.
What shows that current is directly proportional to the density of charge carriers, elementary charge, and area?
Drift velocity.
Charge carriers that are free to move travel at what pace compared to the energy transferred?
Slower.
What are the two ways to charge an object?
Conduction and induction.
Conservation of charge states what?
A charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
What is induction?
Charging a neutral object without touching.
What is conduction?
Charging a neutral object through touch.
What describes how much stored energy a charge has that can be transformed into kinetic energy?
Electric potential energy.
What is electric potential energy directly proportional to?
Electric charge and potential difference.
If electric charge is moving in a direction that it would normally move, its electric potential energy is what?
Decreasing.
If electric charge is moving in a direction opposite to that it would normally move, its electric potential energy is what?
Increasing.
