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SocraticPhysics > 8. Simple machines > Flashcards

8. Simple machines Flashcards

1
Q

When a machine is used to apply an input force, what is the measure of the amplification of the output force?

A

Mechanical advantage.

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2
Q

What is a simple machine?

A

A basic mechanical device to transfer forces.

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3
Q

What are the 6 types of simple machines?

A

Wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, lever, pulley, screw.

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4
Q

What is a compound machine?

A

A machine made up of more than one simple machine.

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5
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a compound machine?

A

The product of the mechanical advantage of all the simple machines inside.

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6
Q

Which has more efficiency - a simple or compound machine?

A

Simple.

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7
Q

Why is a compound machine less efficient than a simple machine?

A

There are more points of friction in a compound machine.

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8
Q

What is the total energy of a machine split into?

A

Useful energy and wasted energy.

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9
Q

The efficiency of a machine is directly proportional and inversely proportional to what?

A

Output power and input power.

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10
Q

Elizabeth pushes a box 12 meters up a ramp to load a truck that is 2 meters off the ground. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the ramp?

A

6

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11
Q

How does a ramp make work easier?

A

By giving you more output force than you input

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12
Q

Curtis is building a model pyramid in his backyard. The final 500 kg block will have to be moved into a position 5.0 meters above the ground. Curtis can push the block on rollers up a ramp with a force of 1000 N. How long does he need to make the ramp?

A

24.5

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13
Q

A 5-meter ramp lifts objects to a height of 0.75 meters. What is the mechanical advantage of the ramp?

A

6.7

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14
Q

Joey’s little brother makes a ramp to push his toy dump truck up to his sandbox. If he uses 5 N of force to push the 12 N truck up the ramp, what is the mechanical advantage of his ramp?

A

2.4

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15
Q

A ramp with a mechanical advantage of 4 is used to move a 38-newton load. What input force is needed to push the load up the ramp?

A

9.5

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16
Q

Terrence wheels his wheelchair up a ramp using a force of 93 N. If the ramp has a mechanical advantage of 7, what is the output force?

A

651N

17
Q

A road sign through the Rocky Mountains says the road going up the side of a mountain pass at a 5% grade (i.e., there is a 5-meter gain in altitude for every 100 m of distance along the road). What is the mechanical advantage of the road?

A

20

18
Q

A ramp with a mechanical advantage of 13 lifts objects to a height of 11 meters. How long is the ramp?

A

143m

19
Q

When using a broom to sweep a floor, your mechanical advantage will be less than 1 and your fulcrum will be your hand at the top of the broom. This means the broom acts as which type of lever?

A

Class 3 Lever

20
Q

A standard bottle opener is an example of what type of lever?

A

Class 2 Lever

21
Q

A catapult is best described as what type of lever?

A

Class 1 Lever

22
Q

Jacob positions a class 1 lever so that the end he pushes down on is 0.5 m from the fulcrum. The object he is trying to lift is 0.1 m from the fulcrum. What is the IMA of the lever as he has it set up?

A

5

23
Q

Mr. D needs to create a lever with a mechanical advantage of 0.4. If he is going to apply his force 2 meters from the fulcrum, how far away must his load be from the fulcrum to get the correct mechanical advantage?

A

5 meters

24
Q

Elizabeth pushes a box 12 meters up a ramp to load a truck that is 2 meters off the ground. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the ramp?

A

6

25
Q

Austin needs to lift a 300 N object using only 100 N of force. To accomplish this, he will need a simple machine with a mechanical advantage of what?

A

3

26
Q

What defines what a pulley system can do?

A

It can change the direction of the force and it can increase the output force.

27
Q

What does the pulley system shown below do to the force?

A

Only the direction of the force is changed.

28
Q

In the pulley system shown below, the force exerted on the machine is 30 N, and the force exerted on the load (the bucket) by the machine is 20 N. If the machine is moved by a distance of 20 cm, by what distance does the load (the bucket) move?

A

30cm

29
Q

What behaves most like a first-class lever, with the fulcrum between the force and the load?

A

Single, fixed pulley system

30
Q

In the pulley system shown below, the force exerted on the machine and on the load by the machine are equal. Which of the following correctly represents the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of the pulley system?

A

1, because only the direction of the input force is changed.

31
Q

Given the diagram shown below, if the rope is pulled with an input force of 10 N, what would be the output force?

A

20 N

32
Q

The system shown below consists of which of the following?

A

A movable and a fixed pulley

33
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the pulley system shown below?

  • It has an IMA of 1, because it only changes the direction of the force.
  • It has an IMA of 2, because there are only two support ropes.
  • It has an IMA of 3, because there are three support ropes.
A

It has an IMA of 3, because there are three support ropes.

34
Q

The pulley system shown below involves an input force lifting 240 N of load a distance of 10 cm. Given that the machine is moved a distance of 30 cm, what is the input force?

A
35
Q

Explain why the ideal mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley system is 1.

A

This is because, in this system, only one segment of rope pulls up the load, resulting in an ideal mechanical advantage of 1. The ideal mechanical advantage equals the number of rope segments pulling up the object.

SocraticPhysics (18 decks)

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