10. Thermodynamics Flashcards
Why does heat transfer from one object to another?
Because of heat differences.
From which object does heat transfer?
From the hotter object to the colder object.
What happens to the hotter object during heat transfer?
It gets cooler.
What are the 3 main temperature scales?
Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit.
in everyday life, which temperature scale is usually used?
Celsius.
In physics calculations, which temperature scale is usually used?
Kelvin.
What is the freezing point on the Celsius scale?
0 degrees.
What is the freezing point on the Kelvin scale?
About 273.
What is the boiling point on the Kelvin scale?
About 373.
What is the lowest point on the Kelvin scale known as?
Absolute zero.
What is thermal energy?
All the energy of atoms responsible for its temperature.
What does friction transform?
Other types of energy into heat energy.
What are the 3 types of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, radiation.
How does radiation transfer energy?
Through electromagnetic waves.
How does convection transfer energy?
Through movement of fluids.
How does conduction transfer energy?
Through particle collision.
What are the two types of materials in relation to heat transfer?
Conductors and insulators.
Which materials are usually good conductors because they have electrons that move freely enough to transfer heat?
Metals.
What is a good example of an insulator?
A down filled blanket, because its feathers trap air, making heat transfer difficult.
What is specific heat capacity?
It affects how much the temperature of the object will change based on how much energy is gained or lost.
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas.
During which state changes is energy absorbed?
Moving from solid to liquid to gas.
During which state changes is energy released?
Moving from gas to liquid to solid.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Conservation of energy - energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed into different forms.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
A system’s entropy always increases towards a maximum value at equilibrium. In other words, systems become more disordered over time.
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
Entropy decreases to a constant value, typically zero, as temperature approaches absolute zero.
What is entropy?
The entropy of an object is a measure of the amount of energy which is unavailable to do work.
What does the ideal gas law show the relationship of?
Pressure, volume, moles, temperature.
