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Porsche 911 turboS > 1.3 : Cell Biology > Flashcards

1.3 : Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What did Robert Hooke do ?

A

he discovered cell cork

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2
Q

What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek find?

A

saw the first living cell

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3
Q

What did Robert Brown figure out?

A

he discovered nucleus

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4
Q

Who proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cell ?

A

T Schwann

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5
Q

What was the edit done to the cell theory by Robert Vrichow?

A

new cells arrived from older cells

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6
Q

What is the structural frame of the plasma memrbrane?

A

lipid

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7
Q

What is meant by the quasifluid nature of the membrane?

A

it enables the lateral movement of the protein

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8
Q

What is the composition of cell wall?

A

cellulose , galactans, mannans, and minerals like calcium carbonate

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9
Q

What is the composition of plant cell wall?

A

cellulose , hemicellulose , pectins and proteins

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10
Q

What is the composition of middle lamellae?

A

ca and Mg pectate

Ca is 90%

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11
Q

What forms the skeleton of the cell wall?

A

cellulose microfilament

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12
Q

What forms the matrix of the cell wall?

A

pectin , hemicellulose

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13
Q

Which of them are carbs and which of ther are lipids:

1) cellulose
2) suberin
3) hemicellulose
4) cutin
5) lignin
6) pectin

A

1,2,3,6 are carbohydrate

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14
Q

What is the function of plasmodesmata?

A

it leads to the continuity of the cytoplasm of adjacent of plant cells

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15
Q

What is the desmotubule made up of?

A

ER tubules (SER)

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16
Q

What are the two parts of cytoplasm? and what are they ?

A

1) cytosol : liquid part

2) trophoplasm : solid part

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17
Q

What is deutoplasm?

A

it is the part of the cytoplasm that is food

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18
Q

Which type of ER contains more tubules and cisternae one by one ?

A

SER: tubules

RER : cisternae

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19
Q

On which part of the ER are the ribosome attached to and what attached it to it?

A

cisternae

ribophorin 1 and ribophorin 2

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20
Q

What forms the visual pigments?

A

SER

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21
Q

What is the optimal pH for the enzyme of lysosomes to act?

A

pH 5

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22
Q

Why type of enzyme is present in the lysosome?

A

acidic hydrolase

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23
Q

What are the types of lysosome?

A

1) primary
2) secondary
3) residual
4) phagocytotic

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24
Q

Which organelle is polymorphic?

A

lysosomes

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25
Q

What is the differnece between autolysis and autophagy?

A

autolysis : destrying cells of the same organism

autophagy : eating its own organelle or itself

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26
Q

Is the dissolution of the tail of the tadpole autolysis or autophagy?

A

autolysis

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27
Q

What carries out the dissolution of the tail of the tadpole?

A

cathepsin

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28
Q

What is stored in the vacuole?

A

water , sap , excretory product

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29
Q

What is the function of contractile vacuole ?

A

osmoregulation and excretion

30
Q

What is the meaning of glycosidation and glycosylation?

A

glycosidation: carb + lipid

glycosylation : carb + protein

31
Q

What is the correct origin of lysosomes?

1) ER - GOLGI - LYSOSOME
2) GOLGI - ER - LYSOSOME
3) NUCLEUS - GOLGI - LYSOSOME
4) MITO- ER- GOLGI - LYSOSOME

A

1)

32
Q

What type of genetic material of the mitochondria composed of?

A

single circular DNA

33
Q

What is the type of genetic material of chloroplast?

A

ds circular DNA

34
Q

What is the difference between the inner lumen of mito and chloroplast?

A

chloroplast: carb + protien

mito : protien

35
Q

Which of the following depends on the parent DNA for some amount of protien :

1) mito
2) chloroplast
3) both

A

1)mito

36
Q

What is the pigment that is water soluble?

A

anthocyanin

37
Q

Where are the chromoplast usually present?

A

in pericarp and petals

38
Q

What gives the red color to the tomato/

A

lycopene

39
Q

What are the pigments present in the chromoplast?

A

carotene , xanthophyll , red and yellow color part of the plant

40
Q

What are the pigments present in the chromoplast?

A

chlorophylll and carotenoid

41
Q

What is the space in the chloroplast called?

A

stroma

42
Q

What is the space in the thylakoid called?

A

lumen

43
Q

From where does the chloroplast derive from?

A

proplastid

44
Q

What orgnasim lead to the endosymbiotic theory

A

cynobacteria

45
Q

What is the minimum concentration of the Mg for the two subunits of the ribosomes to attach?

A

0.001 M Mg++

46
Q

Give some examples where mircotubules present?

A

associated with cell wall as they transport substances from the golgi to the plasma membrane

spindles fibres

47
Q

Give some examples of microfilaments?

A

actin

48
Q

What is blephroplast?

A

centriole /( basal body flagella and cillia )

49
Q

What is the central part of centriole present?

A

proteinecous hub

50
Q

Give some examples of micro bodies?

A

1) peroxisome
2) glycoxysomes
3) sphaerosome

51
Q

What helps in beta oxidization of fatty acid?

A

peroxisome

52
Q

What caries out the glycoxylate cycle in plant cell and which cell ?

A

glycoxysomes

in fatty seeds

53
Q

What dye and what type of dye was used to stain the chromatin material by Flemming?

A

acetlycarmine

54
Q

Dikaryotic ceell :

A

paramoecium

55
Q

What is the width of pernuclear space?

A

10-50 nm

56
Q

What is present in the nucleoplasm?

A

nucleotide, neucleoside , ATP, protein , enzymes

57
Q

What is the chromatin fibres composed of?

A

DNA, RNA , basic histon(arganine, lysine) and non histone protein

58
Q

What is the difference between heterchromatin and euchromatin ?

A

heterochromatin: more stain and less active
euchromatin: less stain and more active

59
Q

What is the best type to study the chromosome ?

A

metaphase because it is the shorest during this time

60
Q

When is the best time to study the shape of chromosome?

A

anaphase

61
Q

What is the letter used to represent teh longer and the shorter size of chromosome?

A

p : short arm

q : long arm

62
Q

Where is teloplast present?

A

mice

63
Q

What is the lenght of human DNA in a cell?

A

2m

64
Q

When does the chromosome have double chromatid?

A

prophase and metaphase

65
Q

When does the chromosome have single chromatid?

A

anaphase and telophase

66
Q

What attached the chromosome to the spindle fibre?

A

kinetochore

67
Q

What is the other name of secondary constriction? IN which human chromosome are they found?

A

NOR : nuclear organizer

they are present in 13,14,15,21,22,

68
Q

What is telomere ?

A

the non sticlky end of the chromosome called telomere

69
Q

What is the code for telomere?

A

5’ - TTAGGG - 3’

70
Q

What is the flagella of the prokaryotes made up of?

A

flagellin

71
Q

What was the robert son model of plasma memrbane?

A

protien layer and lipid layer in hte middle

72
Q

The fluid nature of the membrane provides function like : (which of the follwing)

1) formation of intercellular junction
2) cell growth
3) cell division
4) phagocytosis
5) secretion

A

1,2,3,4,5

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