Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOLOGY > 12.14 Biodiversity > Flashcards

12.14 Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity definition

A

The number of species and the number of individuals of each different species in a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Species richness definition

A

The number of different species in a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Community definition

A

All the individuals of all the species living together in the same area at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Species definition

A

A group of similar organisms with the same genes that reproduce top produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genetic diversity definition

A

Difference in DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Niche definition

A

An organisms role in the community
Describes how it interacts with other species and how it responds to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Habitat definition

A

A place where organisms usually live within an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does higher diversity index suggest?

A

Greater the species diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does d stand for in the diversity index equation?

A

Species diversity index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does N stand for in the diversity index equation?

A

Total number of organisms of all species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does n stand for in the diversity index equation?

A

Total number of organisms of each species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compare and contrast the species richness and index of diversity (2)

A

The species richness and index of diversity both use the number of different species in a community
The index of diversity takes into consideration the number of organisms of each species, whereas the species richness doesn’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What information is required to calculate an index of diversity for a particular community?

A

Number of species
Number or individuals in each species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain why an index of diversity may be a more useful measure of biodiversity than just the number of species present

A

It also measures the number of individuals of each species
Some species may be present in low/high quantities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 2 advantages of using an index of biodiversity rather than in indicator species

A

You do not need to identify the species
Index considers the number of individuals in each species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Suggest one economic argument for maintaining biodiversity

A

Financial by :
- Medicine
- Commercial products
- Tourism
- Agriculture
- Saving local forest communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain why the diversity of insects decreased when a forest was cleared

A
  1. Decrease in variety of plants
  2. Fewer habitats
  3. Decrease in variety of food sources
  4. Aspect of clearing forest killed insects (pesticides, machinery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Farmers clear tropical forest and grow crops. Explain how this decreases the diversity of insects in the area

A
  1. Lower diversity of plants
  2. Fewer sources of food
  3. Fewer habitats
  4. Fewer species of herbivore so fewer species of carnivore
  5. Aspect of agriculture kills insects
19
Q

Name the taxonomist group between order and genus

20
Q

Explain what is meant by a hierarchy

A

Groups within groups
No overlap between groups

21
Q

Explain what is meant by a phylogenetic group

A

Grouped according to evolutionary links or common ancestry

22
Q

Give two ways in which courtship increases the probability of successful mating

A
  1. Attracts same species
  2. Attracts opposite sex
  3. Indication of sexual mating
  4. Stimulates release of gametes
  5. Form pair bond
23
Q

Describe how comparisons of biological molecules in two species could be used to find out if they are closely related

A

Compare DNA
Sequence of bases
Compare cytochrome C (mitochondria)
Sequence of amino acids

24
Q

Give two ways doctors could use base sequences to compare the different types of HPV

A
  1. Compare DNA base sequences
  2. Compare mRNA base sequences
  3. Look for mutations
25
Comparing the base sequence of genes provides more evolutionary information than comparing the structure of proteins Explain why
Reference to base triplets, more bases than amino acids Introns Degeneracy of code, more than one code for each amino acid
26
What is the order of classification of animals?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
27
What is classification?
The grouping of organisms
28
What is taxonomy?
The theory and practice of classification
29
What is the binomial naming system of animals?
Means each species has a two-word scientific name It is universal and used by all scientists
30
What is the binomial species name for humans?
Homo sapiens
31
Name the three domains
Bacteria - prokaryotes Archaea - ancient bacteria Eukarya
32
What are bacteria and what do they have?
Single celled prokaryotes - No membrane bound organelle - Smaller ribosome (70S) Cell wall made from murein - Circular DNA not associated with histones
33
What are archaea and what do they have?
Single celled prokaryotes. They resemble bacteria but are slightly different - Genes and protein synthesis mechanisms similar to eukaryotes - Fatty acids and glycerols joined by ether bonds, not ester - No murein cell walls - More complex RNA polymerase
34
Name the 4 kingdoms in the eukaryotic domain
Protoctista Fungi Plantae Animalia
35
What is phylogenetics
The study of patterns of evolutionary history
36
What have all organisms evolved from?
A shared common ancestor
37
How are organisms more closely related?
They share a common ancestor more recently
38
Why do organisms show courtship behaviour?
To attract a mate of the same species but opposite sex
39
Why is courtship behaviour important?
To ensure reproductive success
40
Name the 4 types of modern classification methods
Frequency of measurable characteristics Base sequence of DNA Base sequence of mRNA Amino acid sequence of the proteins encoded by DNA and mRNA
41
Why can you not always observe an animals reproductive behaviour?
Can be extinct Reproduce asexually Practical or ethical issues
42
How can we see if organisms are related via proteins?
If two organisms are closely related, they will have similar DNAbase sequences and therefore code for very similar amino acids
43
How can we see if organisms are closely related via immunological comparisons?
Antigens bind specifically to the complimentary antibodies and caused them to agglutinate This forms clumps which can precipitate out of solution if antibodies from one species can bind to the protein of another species then they likely shared a common ancestor recently

BIOLOGY (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions