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BIOLOGY > 12.10a Gas exchange > Flashcards

12.10a Gas exchange Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ficks law?

A

Surface area x concentration gradient / diffusion distance

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2
Q

What is a good exchange surface?

A

Large surface area
Large concentration gradient
Large SA:V ratio
Small diffusion distance

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3
Q

Gas exchange in insects

A

O2 enters spiracles into trachea
Spiracles close
O2 diffuses down trachea into tracheoles
O2 delivered to respiring tissues
CO2 produced leaves when spiracles open

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4
Q

How do insects get oxygen during flight?

A

The insect may momentarily respire anaerobically, producing lactate
Water builds up in the tracheoles
The lactate lower the water potential so water passes from the tracheoles to muscles
Draws oxygen into cell

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5
Q

How does oxygen diffuse into insects?

A

The tissues respire, producing oxygen
Increases oxygen conc in tissues
Oxygen moves down conc gradient from trachea to tissues
Lowers conc grad in trachea so oxygen moves in via spiracles

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6
Q

How does carbon dioxide diffuse out of insects?

A

Tissues respire, using carbon dioxide
Increases conc grad in tissues
CO2 moves down conc grad into trachea
CO2 diffuses out of spiracles

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7
Q

Does oxygen move in or out of an amoeba and how?

A

Diffuses in by simple diffusion

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8
Q

Do amino acids move in or out of amoeba and how?

A

In by simple diffusion

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9
Q

Does glucose move in or out of amoeba and how?

A

Glucose diffuses in by facilitated diffusion

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10
Q

Does CO2 move in or out of amoeba and how?

A

CO2 diffuses out by simple diffusion

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11
Q

Does ammonia move in or out of amoeba and how?

A

Ammonia diffuses out by simple diffusion

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12
Q

How does respiration in an amoeba work?

A

Produces carbon dioxide and uses up oxygen

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13
Q

Tracheoles definition

A

Small tubes with thin walls to diffuse gases through the body of an insect

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14
Q

What is counter current flow?

A

Counter current means the water and blood flow in opposite directions
Maintains a concentration gradient along the whole length of a gill
Equilibrium never reached

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15
Q

How do gills increase gas exchange?

A

Increase surface area

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16
Q

How do gills increase oxygen in the fish?

A

Water carrying oxygen enters the fish mouth, passes through the lamellae where most of the oxygen is removed

17
Q

How do lamellae increase gas exchange?

A

Increases gills surface area even more
Has capillaries - rich blood supply
Thin epithelium for short diffusion distance

18
Q

Adaptations of a plant for good gas exchange

A

Rolled leaves
Hairs
Needles
Sunken stomata
Waxy cuticle

19
Q

How does oxygen diffuse in plants?

A

Mesophyll produces oxygen from photosynthesis
Oxygen diffuses into air spaces
Increases the conc of O2 in plant
Oxygen diffuses out to maintain conc gradient via stomata

20
Q

Trachea structure

A

Tube like structure carrying air from the mouth to lungs
C rings of cartilage for movement and prevent collapsing

21
Q

Bronchi structure

A

Splits trachea into 2 lungs
Splits into bronchioles

22
Q

Brochioles structure

A

Further divides bronchi into small branches
Supply alveoli with air

23
Q

Reason for good diffusion in the lungs

A

Moist - gases dissolve better in a permeable solution
Rich blood supply - large capillary network
Thin - short diffusion distance
Large SA - ficks law
Permeable - gases exchanged easily in and out of lungs

24
Q

Alveoli structure

A

Small sacs at the end of bronchioles
Barrier between lungs and blood

25
Q

How is deoxygenated blood brought to the lungs and oxygenated?

A

Via the pulmonary artery
Gases diffuse through the squamous epithelium membrane of the alveoli and endothelium wall of capillary

26
Q

Ventilation definition

A

Mechanism of breathing

27
Q

Breathing definition

A

Result of the pressure difference between the lungs and atmospheric pressure

28
Q

Inhalation method

A

External ICM contract
Diaphragm moves down
Thoracic capacity increases
Pressure in lungs less than outside
Air moves down conc grad into lungs

29
Q

Exhalation method

A

Internal ICM contract
Diaphragm moves up and out
Thoracic capacity decreases
Pressure in lungs more than outside
Air moves down conc grad out

30
Q

Makeup of deoxygenated blood

A

Low in oxygen
High in carbon dioxide

31
Q

What does the oxygen diffuse across to get from the alveoli to blood?

A

5 membranes
Squamous epithelium membrane of alveoli
Endothelial wall of capillary

32
Q

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide get from the alveoli in to blood?

A

Via simple diffusion

33
Q

Tidal volume definition

A

Natural breathing volume at rest

34
Q

Inspiratory/expiratory reserve definition

A

Extra volume needed for a deep breath

35
Q

Residual volume

A

Air that remains in lungs to prevent collapse of alveoli

36
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum volume of air a person can expel from the lungs

BIOLOGY (23 decks)

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