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BIOLOGY > 12.12 Mass transport in humans > Flashcards

12.12 Mass transport in humans Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of the heart

A

Pump blood around the body

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2
Q

Heart cells

A

Cardiomyocytes

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3
Q

What does deoxygenated blood return to the heart in?

A

Vena (vein) into right atrium

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4
Q

Direction of blood flow through heart

A

Deoxygenated blood return to right atrium via vena
Passes through atria-ventricular valve into right ventricle and out via semi lunar valve into pulmonary artery
Blood passes through the lungs, returns to left atrium via pulmonary vein
Passes through atrio-ventricular valve into left ventricle
Through semi lunar valve into aorta

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5
Q

Function of right atrium

A

Vena cava brings blood from body

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6
Q

Function of right ventricle

A

Pulmonary artery takes blood to the lungs

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7
Q

Function of left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein brings blood from the lungs

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8
Q

Function of left ventricle

A

Aorta takes blood got body

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9
Q

Pressure definition

A

The amount of force acting on a surface

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10
Q

Systole definition

A

Contraction of heart muscle

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11
Q

Diastole definition

A

Heart muscle relaxed

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12
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Arterial systole
Ventricular systole
Diastole

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13
Q

Blood enters atrium

A

Blood volume increases pressure in atrium
Pressure in atrium greater than ventricle
Atrio ventricular valve opens

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14
Q

Atrium muscles contract

A

Further increases pressure
Remaining blood forced into ventricle

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15
Q

Blood enters ventricle

A

Increases pressure in ventricle due to volume of blood
Pressure in ventricle greater than atrium
Atrio ventricular valve closes

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16
Q

Ventricle muscles contract

A

Further increases pressure in ventricle until greater than aorta
Semi lunar valve opens

17
Q

Blood enters aorta

A

Blood is pumped to body (left) or lungs (right)

18
Q

Ventricle muscles relax

A

Pressure in ventricle less than aorta
Semi lunar valve closes

19
Q

Blood enters atrium

A

Blood volume increases pressure in atrium

20
Q

What chambers does the blood flow through the heart?

A

Blood enters atrium
Atrium muscles contract
Blood enters ventricle
Ventricle muscles contract
Blood enters aorta
Ventricle muscles relax
Blood enters atrium

21
Q

Which heart valves ensure blood flow isn in one direction?

A

Atrio-ventricular
Semi-lunar

22
Q

Atrioventricular valves open and closed

A

Open: Greater pressure in atria than ventricles
Closed:Greater pressure in ventricles than atria

23
Q

Semi-lunar valves open and closed

A

Open: Greater pressure in ventricles than arteries
Closed: Greater pressure in arteries than ventricles

24
Q

What makes sure the valves only open open way?

A

Tendons that anchor the valves (heartstrings)

25
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO=SVxHR
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate

26
Q

Stroke volume definition

A

Volume of blood expelled from the left ventricle in one cardiac cycle

27
Q

Heart rate definition

A

Number of cardiac cycles per minute

28
Q

Cardiac output definition

A

Volume of blood expelled from the left ventricle per minute

29
Q

What are the two most common causes of blockage to the coronary arteries?

A

Atherosclerosis
Thrombosis

30
Q

What is the deposit of fatty acid in the coronary arteries called?

A

Atheroma

31
Q

Risk factors of coronary heart disease

A

High cholesterol diet
High lipid diet
Smoking
Lack of exercise
Causes:
High blood pressure
Increase in blood toxins
Increase cholesterol levels in the blood
Leads to:
Damage to the endothelium wall
Increase in lipid uptake

32
Q

Risk factor definition

A

Any factor which increases a persons chances of developing a disease

33
Q

What are the risk factors for CHD?

A

Age
Gender
Genetic factors
Smoking
Stress
High lipid/cholesterol diet

34
Q

Why is age a CHD risk factor?

A

Due to a gradual deposit over time

35
Q

Why is gender a CHD risk factor?

A

Men are at more risk until middle age, then the risk is similar, due to the protective effect of oestrogen in women up to menopause

36
Q

Why are genetic factors a CHD risk factor?

A

Due to genes but also linked to people in the same family have similar lifestyles

37
Q

Why is smoking a CHD risk factor?

A

Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor which increases blood pressure, damaging endothelium.
Smoking increases levels of cholesterol in blood
Chemicals in cigarette smoke increases chance of developing thrombosis

38
Q

Why is stress a CHD risk factor?

A

Stressful lifestyles increase blood pressure

39
Q

Why is a high lipid/cholesterol diet a CHD risk factor?

A

Lipoproteins made in the lover form fats, cholesterol and proteins
Cholesterol transported in the blood to damages areas with LDL
Greater concentration of cholesterol, greater levels of LDL

BIOLOGY (23 decks)

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