1.2.1 Operating Systems

Question 1

Operating system

Answer 1

Collection of systems software that manages the computer.

Question 2

Memory management

Answer 2

Organising the flexible use of main memory

Question 3

Paging

Answer 3

Where memory is split into equal sized sections called pages

Question 4

Segmentation

Answer 4

The splitting of a large programs into smaller programs or segments. Each segment is a complete program that is executed separately.

Question 5

Virtual memory

Answer 5

Used when there is insufficient immediate access storage. Part of the disk drive is allocated to be used as if it were main memory.

Question 6

Interrupt

Answer 6

Signals generated by software or hardware to indicate to the processor that a process need attention

Question 7

ISR (Interrupt Service Routine)

Answer 7

A software routine that hardware invokes in response to an interrupt.

Question 8

Scheduling

Answer 8

The allocation of central processor time to a multi-access system

Question 9

Round Robin

Answer 9

A scheduling algorithm that allocated each task/user a set amount of CPU time to use.

Question 10

First Come First Serve

Answer 10

The first task/user in the queue is processed until complete then it moves onto the next in the queue

Question 11

Multi-Level Feedback Queue

Answer 11

Each job is given a priority by the scheduler when it arrives. The high priority queue is completed first then the lower level queues

Question 12

Shortest Job First

Answer 12

Completes the smaller processes first. If a smaller process joins the current process is interrupted

Question 13

Shortest remaining time

Answer 13

Orders jobs by how much time they have remaining

Question 14

Distributed OS

Answer 14

An operating system where software is spread over a collection of nodes

Question 15

Embedded OS

Answer 15

Is built to perform a range of specific tasks and catered towards a specific device

Question 16

Multi-tasking OS

Answer 16

Allows more that one program to run at the same time

Question 17

Multi-user OS

Answer 17

Allows multiple users on different workstations to access a single, powerful computer via a network

Question 18

Real Time OS

Answer 18

Is designed to perform tasks with a guaranteed time frame

Question 19

BIOS

Answer 19

Basic Input Output System
A small program that is responsible for booting up the computer

Question 20

Device Drivers

Answer 20

It enables the operating system to control and communicate with the device

Question 21

Virtual machine

Answer 21

A virtual machine is a program designed to simulate a fully functioning computer, but in software

Question 22

Intermediate Code

Answer 22

Code that is halfway between machine and object code