12. Individual Differences Flashcards
What are individual differences
stable patterns of performance that differ across individuals
What are a few individual differences
Intelligence
Expertise
Bilingualism
T/F IQ scores are stable over much of a person’s life
T, though not perfectly so
T/F Cognitive ability is substantially heritable
T
between 40 to 80 percent
What is the multiple intelligences theory
there exist multiple creativities and multiple intelligences
How are expert chess players able to remember more pieces on a properly configured board
chunking
What differed between the fixations of expert chess players and novice ones
experts fixated more on empty squares and also had fewer fixations
if they fixated on chess pieces, it was more likely to be the ones directly relevant to the move
T/F
Studies show that bilingual people have better attentional control
T
they were better at inhibiting salient but misleading information
What kinds of memory tasks are impaired with age:
STM, LTM, episodic
STM and episodic
Though they can rely on environmental support (cues)
What are some neurological changes to the brain as it ages
-shrinking of white/gray matter
-synaptic degeneration; impairs communication between neurons
-less blood flow
T/F
As we grow older, we rely more on bottom up processing
F
Top down
Associated brain region activity also matches this (Frontal vs occipital lobes)
What happens to the activations of brain regions as we age?
More activation in frontal lobes
bilateral recruitment of both lobes
what is meta-analysis
a way of combining results from different studies
what is the effect size
(mean scores in 2 groups)/(average standard deviation)
used in meta analysis to compare the differences in two groups
What is one neurological difference between male and female brain
females are less lateralized (less specialized)
