11.5.2 Avionic Systems Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

What sections can communications be divided in to

Aircraft communications

Radio

Accident communication

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How far will VHF allow communication

200 nautical miles

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What is the purpose of SATCOM

Allows worldwide communication via satellite

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What is the Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Very High Frequency (VHF)

VLF - up to 30 KHz

VHF - 30KHz to 300GHz

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What different types of loudspeaker is there in the cockpit

Hand held
Integrated microphone
Area microphone

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What is the purpose of the audio switching in the cockpit

If the captains or first officers malfunctions it can be switched to a 3rd crew member

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What is the flight inter phone used for

Communication between flight deck and crew

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Where can ground crew connect to speak to the flight deck through an inter phone on the ground

The nose wheel

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What system does a PA system work off in the aircraft

A priority system using high and low priority chimes to gain attention

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How long does the analogue flight recorder record before the end of a flight

The last 30 mins

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What components are inside a flight recorder

Area microphone
Underwater location beacon
Recorder
Control panel

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The construction of a CRV is steel. How many g loads can it withstand

1000g loads

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How many audio inputs does a CRV have

4 inputs

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At what point will a voice recorder begin recording in an aircraft

As soon as the first engine is started

Shuts down 5 mins after engine shut down

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What is the frequency used for the international emergency frequency

121.5MHz

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What is the gap usually between two frequency channels

25KHz

760 frequencies available

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In Europe more high flight levels are needed, what channel spacing is used

8.3KHz

More than 2000 channels

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VHF systems have 3 systems. What is each for

System 1 - Captains voice
System 2 - First officer
System 3 - ACARS, can be used instead of others if system fails too

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Where are the 3 VHF antennas on aircraft usually

No.1 and no.2 are on top of fuselage

No.3 on the bottom

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What is the radio management panel used for

Selecting the VHF and HF radio

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The radio management panel has two functions what are these

Left window - Active window, shows the operating frequency of the selected frequency

Right window - Standby window, shows the new selected window

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If VHF system no.3 is selected what will be displayed

ACARS or DATA as no manual frequency needs to be selected for ACARS

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What does a HF system consist of

Transceiver
Antenna
An antenna coupler - tunes antenna to correct frequency

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What does a HF transmitter permit

Amplitude modulation
Transmission output power in the region of 200w-400w
Frequency range from 2MHz to 25MHz in steps 1 or 0.1KHz

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On an RMP what does the SQL (squelch) knob control

Level of noise suppression

ACARS data transfer from air to ground is called what

Downlink Ground to air is uplink

What type of automatic reports are ACARS able to produce

``` OUT OFF ENGINE REPORTS ON IN ```

What manual ACARS messages can be sent to ATC

``` Load sheet report Call request ATC request Report request Maintenance report Crew & ```

What 3 components does SATCOM consist of

Satellite Aircraft earth station Ground earth station

How long will an emergency locator transmitter last for

48 hour battery life

What types of emergency location transmitters are there

Fixed - Permanently on fuselage Portable/fixed - Used on smaller aircraft Portable - (buoyant) can be removed from life raft

What two radio navigation systems are there

Automatic direction finder ADF (Oldest system) | VHF omnidirectional range VOR (most common system)

What is ILS (Instrument Landing System) used for

Automatic landing in poor conditions

What are the 3 subsystems for ILS

Localiser Glide slope Marker beacon

What two types of chart can be used for aircrew navigation

ICAO charts | Enroute charts - Most commonly used on commercial flights

Which ICAO chart is used for small private aircraft

VFR - Good flight conditions with visual references IFR - Bad weather no visual references (Commercial aircraft)

What is the difference between magnetic north and true magnetic north called

Variation (VAR) Can be east or west

The direction of where the aircraft is pointing (heading) is measured what of true north

Clockwise

What is relative bearing

The direction of the aircraft to an object Reference must be the longitudinal direction of the aircraft

What 3 ways can aircraft navigation tune

Manual Automatic - via the FMS Automatic - via nav control panel or radio management panel

What is an ADF

Automatic Direction Finder, radio navigational system that receives radio signals in the frequency band 190 - 1750KHz to the ground

In terms of ADF what are non Directional beacons used for

Enroute navigation

On an ADF system what is the loop antenna for

Used for approach Usually located with ILS locator beacons

On an ADF system what is the sense antenna responsible for

Receives the electric part of the wave and sends the sense signal to ADF receiver

What is the purpose of an ADF receiver

Use both loop and sense signals to create relative bearing

What 2 signals do VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) ground stations use

Reference signal - transmitted in all directions when the variable signal passes magnetic north Variable signal

What is an advantage and a disadvantage to Doppler VOR ground stations over conventional VOR

Advantage - Better performance in areas where there's a better chance of signal reflection. Mountains Disadvantage - more expensive

What is ATIS

Automatic Terminal Information Services VOR spoken audio at large airports transmit weather and traffic reports

What is the localiser responsible for on an ILS system

Transmit 90-150Hz signals for lateral guidance which create two Directional lobes

What two Directional lobes does the ILS localiser create

Left - 90 Hz Right - 150 Hz

What does 1 dot on the ILS indicator signify

1 degree offset to the localiser

What two lobes will a glide slope transmit on a decent path

Upper - 90 Hz Lower - 150 Hz

On the glide slope, the upper and lower lobe are equal to the centre line with a slope of what

2.5 - 3 degrees

Where are the glide slope antennas and localiser usually located on an aircraft

Under the nose, radome

Why would some aircraft use the VOR antenna as the localiser

They share the same frequency range

What does 1 dot usually equal on a glide slope deviation

0.35 degrees - 200ft

What are the poor weather landing categories

CAT 1 - 800m of the runway visible at 200ft CAT 2 - 400m of the runway at 100ft CAT 3 - 200m of the runway below 100ft

What is the appearance of a marker beacon

Cannot sharper antenna along the bottom centreline of the fuselage

At what height will a radio altimeter begin to work

2500ft

What frequency and output does the transceiver work off a radio altimeter

Between 4200 and 4400 MHz frequency with a power output of 100mw

What is the ground proximity warning system for

Warn the crew when the aircraft becomes mistakingly too close to the ground

What 3 methods will the ground prox warning system work by

Aural alert Annunciator alert Alert messages

What advanced system will show the grounds terrain the the nav display

Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS)

What alert is shown when the aircraft comes into land with the wrong gear and flaps situation

Terrain clearance mode | "Too low gear" ("Too low flaps")

How does the Terrain Awareness (TA) show terrain

Green, yellow and red dots

What are pop up functions

Automatic Situation which happen when a situation becomes critical 'Wind shear' Terrain warning

When will the TA (Terrain Awareness) system give a caution before the occurrence

When 60'seconds away

When will the TA give a warning alert before entering terrain

30'seconds away

What type of test level is Level 1 GPWS test

Go or NO Go

How many levels of test is a GPWS rated on

How does Distance Measurement Equipment (DME) operate

Uses the aircraft slant distance to the ground station and altitude combined create actual distance

What does an interrogator do in a DME system

Located in row avionics bay, generates signal for transmission and makes distance calculation

What system is identical to the DME antenna

ATC antenna, work off the same frequency

How does the weather radar system work

Pulses a 180 degree sweep ahead of the aircraft and will reflect objects such as water droplets

Where must a weather radar not be operated

On the ground as it creates the same effect as a microwave oven

What 3 codes should never be selected on the ground on the ATC control panel as they are emergency codes

7500 - hijacking 7600 - radio fail 7700 - if aircraft is in emergency

What is the purpose of TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System)

Protect airspace around TCAS aeroplanes

How many aircraft does TCAS monitor

What is the TAU area

The closest point of approach to the TCAS aeroplane

What will happen if the aircraft reaches TA - TAU

"Traffic Traffic" alert | RA - TAU climb

What will appear on the TCAS monitor when another aircraft is climbing or descending at a rate of more than 500ft/min

Arrow up/ arrow down

What is a hollow diamond indication on TCAS monitor

Other traffic

What is a solid diamond on the TCAS monitor on the ND

Proximate traffic

What is a solid circle on the TCAS monitor

Traffic alert

What is a solid square on the TCAS monitor

Resolution advisory

What does GPS stand for

Global Positioning System

How does GPS accurately gather an aircrafts position

Uses 4 GPS satellites

How long does it take a GPS satellite to orbit earth

12 hours

What GPS service is used by the military

Precise Positioning Service (PPS) | Standard Positioning Service is civilian aircraft

What is the accuracy of Standard Positioning Service GPS and how can it be improved

15m Differential GPS

How does a differential GPS improve location accuracy

Reference station at airport calculates the positional error and the difference in the accurate location

By how far does differential GPS improve precision

By 3m

What is the purpose of FANS (Future Air Navigation System)

Used space based navigation and satellite to enhance communication from aircraft to ATC

Future Air Navigation Systems will improve the situational awareness of ATC, why

Automatic transmission of flight data important for surveillance Automatic Dependant Surveillance (ADS)

What is a combination of heading and attitude referencing systems called

Inertial Stabilised System (ISS)

What two types of gyro are there

2 gyros with 3 degrees of freedom 3 gyros with 2 degrees of freedom

What is the most commonly used Gyro

Laser gyro

In a laser gyro, what 2 things are proportional

Travel time and rotational speed

What are the motions along the axis of the aircraft measured with

Accelerometer | Electrolyte, mass/spring, pendulum

What is the preferred type of accelerometer

Pendulum

What is the gimble platform in a Inertial Stabilised System

Always parallel to earth independent to the aircraft altitude

What will the IRU require on the ground

A 10 minutes align phase