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NIOC Pacific EIWS Book 1 (2024-2025) > 113: Technical Fundamentals > Flashcards

113: Technical Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

113.1
Define each band of the electromagnetic spectrum and describe what signals are commonly associated with each

A

EHF: Extremely High Frequency- 30GHZ to 300GHZ
SHF: Super High Frequency- 3GHZ to 30GHZ
UHF: Ultra High Frequency- 300MHZ to 3 GHZ
VHF: Very High Frequency- 30MHZ to 300MHZ
HF: High Frequency- 3MHZ to 30MHZ
MF: Medium Frequency- 300KHZ to 3MHZ
LF: Low Frequency- 30KHZ to 300KHZ
VLF: Very Low Frequency- 3 KHZ to 30KHZ
ELF: Extremely Low Frequency- 3Hz to 30Hz

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2
Q

113.2a
Describe the communication capabilities in EHF

A

Protected band; Secure Voice and DATA SATCOM, IP Services

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3
Q

113.2b
Describe the communication capabilities in SHF

A

Wideband; high bandwidth data SATCOM, IP Services (DoDWB)

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4
Q

113.2c
Describe the communication capabilities in UHF

A

Narrowband; LOS and SATCOM voice and data services

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5
Q

113.2d
Describe the communication capabilities in VHF

A

LOS voice comms, FM radio

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6
Q

113.2e
Describe the communication capabilities in HF

A

around since WW1; long distance transmission of HF signals dependent on refraction

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7
Q

113.2f
Describe the communication capabilities in MF

A

international distress frequencies; FM radio

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8
Q

113.2g
Describe the communication capabilities in LF

A

used for comms since radio invention; bothered by atmospheric noise

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9
Q

113.2h
Describe the communication capabilities in VLF

A

sub comms

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10
Q

113.2i
Describe the communication capabilities in ELF

A

sub comms except for USA since 2004

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11
Q

113.3a
Define and discuss Frequency

A

measured in Hz; cycles per second

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12
Q

113.3b
Define and discuss Wavelength

A

distance in space occupied by one radio wave cycle of a at any given instant

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13
Q

113.3c
Define and discuss Ducting

A

Trapping of an RF wave between two layers of the earth’s atmosphere or between an atmospheric layer and the earth

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14
Q

113.3d
Define and discuss Refraction

A

change in the direction of the wave when it passes through a different medium

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15
Q

113.3e
Define and discuss Multiplexing

A

simultaneous transmission of two or more signals over a common carrier wave

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16
Q

113.3f
Define and discuss Bandwidth

A

difference between the upper frequency limit and the lower frequency limit

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17
Q

113.3g
Define and discuss Keying

A

Initiates the process of transmitting

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18
Q

113.3h
Define and discuss Azimuth and Elevation Angle

A

Azimuth Angle: 360 degree angle at which the radio wave travels
Elevation Angle: angle at which the radio wave travels from the antenna to the atmosphere

19
Q

113.4a
Discuss/describe the Troposphere and how it affects communications

A

high moisture concentrations; either a signal is attenuated and passed or ducting occurs

20
Q

113.4b
Discuss/describe the Stratosphere and how it affects communications

A

constant temp; little to no effect on radio waves

21
Q

113.4c
Discuss/describe the Ionosphere and how it affects communications

A

interaction of highly charged particles allows more successful long distance communications

22
Q

113.5a
Discuss frequency and give a description of what it means in relation to the atmosphere

A

cycles per second; specific frequencies will reflect/refract off the atmosphere allowing comms without satellites

23
Q

113.5b
Discuss Radio waves and give a description of what it means in relation to the atmosphere

A

keyed electromagnetic patterns that enable comms at long distances by bouncing signals off the atmosphere

24
Q

113.5c
Discuss propagation paths and give a description of what it means in relation to the atmosphere

A

path a signal takes from the transmitter to the receiver including any changes caused by passing through the atmosphere

25
Q

113.6a
Describe the USB modulation type and its usage

A

Upper Sideband; all sum frequencies above the carrier wave

26
Q

113.6b
Describe the LSB modulation type and its usage

A

Lower Sideband; all difference frequencies below the carrier wave

27
Q

113.6c
Describe the CW modulation type and its usage

A

continuous wave; electromagnetic wave of constand amplitude and frequency

28
Q

113.6d
Describe the AM modulation type and its usage

A

amplitude modulation; modulating an electromagnetic carrier frequency by varying its amplitude IAW the message intelligence that is to be transmitted

29
Q

113.6e
Describe the FM modulation type and its usage

A

frequency modulation; conveys information on a carrier wave by varying its frequency

30
Q

113.7a
Define PRI/PRT as it applies to RADAR

A

Pulse Repetition Interval/Time - time or duration between the start of one pulse and the start of the next pulse

*reciprocal of PRF

31
Q

113.7b
Define PRF as it applies to RADAR

A

Pulse Repetition Frequency - number of pulses transmitted by a radar each second

*reciprocal of PRI/PRT

32
Q

113.7c
Define RF as it applies to RADAR

A

Radio Frequency
any frequency or electromagnetic energy capable of propagation into space

33
Q

113.7d
Define BW as it applies to RADAR

A

bandwidth
section of the frequency spectrum that specific signals occupy

34
Q

113.7e
Define CW as it applies to RADAR

A

continuous wave
an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency

35
Q

113.7f
Define PW as it applies to RADAR

A

pulse width
time between the leading and trailing edges of a pulse

36
Q

113.7g
Define scan as it applies to RADAR

A

time it takes an rf beam to complete one search cycle of the scan pattern

37
Q

113.8a
Define Half Duplex

A

push2talk; one way flow of information between terminals; flow in either direction but not simultaneously

38
Q

113.8b
Define full Duplex

A

cell phone; telecommunications between stations happen simultaneously in both directions using two separate frequencies

39
Q

113.8c
Define semi Duplex

A

push2talk on one side, cell phone on the other side; communication is dual-simplex on one side and full duplex on the other side

40
Q

113.8d
Define simplex

A

walkie talkie; uses a single channel or frequency to exchange information between 2 or more terminals; one direction only

41
Q

113.8e
Define broadcast

A

TV, Radio; allowing the transmission of signals in all directions with units receiving simultaneously

42
Q

113.9
Describe modulation and demodulation for signals analysis

A

modulation - process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform (carrier signal) by overlaying a data signal to make a new data signal; Am/FM radio are examples

demodulation - process of reversing modulation; goal is to extract the data from the analog signal

43
Q

113.10
Describe bearing resolution, azimuth, and elevation angle in regards to RADAR function

A

the resolution of each of these terms is a radar system’s ability to separate objects at the same range

NIOC Pacific EIWS Book 1 (2024-2025) (15 decks)

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