11.05.2 Navigation Flashcards
Which two systems are used for en route navigation?
- Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) system - which is the oldest system.
- VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) system - which is the most common system.
What system is used for approach/landing?
Instrument Landing System (ILS) which gives information to aid landing the aircraft in poor visibility.
What are the 2 types of flight rules?
- Visual Flight Rules, VFR - Means flying in good weather conditions and with visual ground references. This is only used by small private aircraft.
- Instrument Flight rules, IFR - Means flying without visual ground references, day and night, or in bad weather conditions. These rules are used by all commercial flights.
What are the 2 norths in navigation?
- True North (TN) - Is the direction to the geographical North Pole.
- Magnetic North (MN) - Is where the magnetic field lines are gathering. In this example the two directions are 10° apart.
What is the difference between the 2 norths called?
Variation (Var) and can be east or west.
What is heading?
The direction in which the nose of the aircraft is pointing is called heading (HDG) and is measured clockwise from North.
What is track?
Track (TK) is the direction in which an aircraft is moving over the Earth. It is also measured from True or Magnetic North.
What is the difference between heading and track called?
The difference between the two angles is called drift
What is relative bearing?
Relative Bearing (RB) - is measured in degrees clockwise from the longitudinal axis. 0° means that the object is straight ahead of the aircraft.
What is magnetic bearing?
Magnetic Bearing (MB) – is measured from Magnetic North.
How can you calculate magnetic bearing?
The Magnetic Bearing can be calculated by adding the Magnetic Heading to the Relative Bearing.
How can navigation tuning be carried out?
- Automatic tuning - from the Flight Management System (FMS) which is the normal way of operation.
- Manual tuning - via the FMS by selecting a frequency on the Nav radio page on the MCDU.
- Manual tuning – via the Nav Control Panel or Radio Management Panel (RMP)
What does ADF stand for?
The Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)
Which bearings does ADF calculate?
The ADF receiver calculates the Relative Bearing
Where are the bearing that ADF calculates indicated?
Indicated on Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) and to the Navigation Display (ND)
What aural signal is given to the pilot with ADF?
aural output to the aircraft audio system for transmitter identification.
What are the three types of ADF station?
- Non Directional Beacons (NDB)
- Locators
- Public radio stations
What are the two types of ADF antenna?
- Loop antenna
- Sense antenna
What frequency does transponder receive interrogations?
1030MHz
What frequency does transponder transmit replies on?
1090MHz
What are the three reserved codes in ATC transponder?
- 7500 - which identifies a Hijacking
- 7600 - For radio failure and
- 7700 - If the aircraft is in an emergency.
What are the three modes of ATC operation?
STANDBY - The transponder is ON but replies are inhibited. This is the
normal mode on the ground.
- ALT RPTG (Alt Reporting) OFF - The transponder will reply only to MODE
A or MODE S interrogations, but the altitude reporting of MODE C is
inhibited.
- XPNDR - The transponder is fully operative and replies to all
interrogations.
What does the ATC XPNDR mode do?
The transponder is fully operative and replies to all interrogations.
What does the ATC ALT REPORTING OFF mode do?
The transponder will reply only to MODE A or MODE S interrogations, but the altitude reporting of MODE C is inhibited.