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M11 Consolidation > 11.05.2 Communications > Flashcards

11.05.2 Communications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 communication groups?

A
  • Aircraft communications
  • Radio communications
  • Accident investigation
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2
Q

What are AC communication systems?

A
  • Interphone

- Passenger address

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3
Q

What are radio communication systems?

A
  • VHF
  • HF
  • Satcom
  • ACARS
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4
Q

What are accident investigation systems?

A
  • Cockpit voice recorder
  • Emergency locator transmitter
  • FDR
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5
Q

What are 2 requirements of communication?

A
  • Information (Audio signal)

- Carrier (RF signal)

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6
Q

What are frequency bands?

A
  • HF - 3MHz to 30mHz (ADF and public radio stations)
  • VHF - 30MHz to 300MHz (distance upto 200nm, VOR, ILS)
  • UHF - 300MHz to 3GHz (military comms, DME, ATC and GPS)
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7
Q

How do you work out wavelength?

A

T = 1/f

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8
Q

Two types of wave propagation?

A
  • Skywave

- Groundwave

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9
Q

Which frequencies use each type of wave propagation?

A
  • High frequency - Skywave

- Low frequency - Groundwave

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10
Q

How if HF wave propagated?

A

Reflected by ionosphere

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11
Q

What affects HF reception quality?

A

Time of day and frequency selected

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12
Q

What are two types of modulation?

A
  • Amplitude

- Frequency

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13
Q

What are audio system components?

A
  • Microphones

- Speakers

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14
Q

What does microphone do?

A

Converts acoustic to electrical

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15
Q

What does a speaker do?

A

Converts electrical to acoustic

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16
Q

What are three types of microphone?

A
  • Area
  • Hand held
  • Integrated
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17
Q

What are three types of speaker?

A
  • Loudspeakers
  • Small loudspeakers
  • Cabin loudspeakers
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18
Q

What are radio system components?

A

Antenna, transmitter, receiver

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19
Q

What is a combined transmitter receiver called?

A

Transceiver

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20
Q

What are three transmitter components?

A
  • Oscillator
  • Modulator
  • Power amp
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21
Q

What does an oscillator do?

A

Generates RF carrier frequency

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22
Q

What does a modulator do?

A

Couples audio signal to carrier in either FM or AM

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23
Q

What does a power amp do?

A

Generates power to TX

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24
Q

What is normal power output for a VHF system?

A

25 W

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25
Q

What are three receiver components?

A
  • Tuning circuit
  • Demodulator
  • audio amp
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26
Q

What length makes antenna most effective?

A

1/4 lamda

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27
Q

What is length of antenna for 150MHz?

A

0.5m

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28
Q

How can antenna be made smaller but still remain effective?

A

Electronic components

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29
Q

Wth HF frequency range of 2MHz to 30MHz, what is range of antenna length?

A

2.5m to 37.5m

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30
Q

How is HF antenna length varied?

A

Antenna coupler

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31
Q

What are connections between transceivers and antennae called?

A

RF lines

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32
Q

What are two types of RF lines?

A
  • Coax

- Waveguide

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33
Q

Who should handle RF lines?

A

Only traiend personnel

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34
Q

What can disturb RF signal in RF lines?

A

Deformations or water contamination

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35
Q

What do static dischargers prevent?

A

Damage to electronic circuits and radio reception interferecne

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36
Q

What does audio management (AMU) do?

A

Manages all audio signals transfera relevant signals to CVR

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37
Q

Which crew members have an audio control panel?

A

All

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38
Q

Where are pilots and copilots audio control panels (ACPs) located?

A

Centre pedestal

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39
Q

Which microphone has priority, oxygen mask or boomset?

A

Oxygen mask

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40
Q

How many systems can be set to TX simultaneously?

A

Just one

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41
Q

How can you monitor transmitted audio?

A

Side tone

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42
Q

Which systems are Rx selectable only?

A

Nav systems

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43
Q

What does V position on ACP select?

A

only voice information

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44
Q

What does R position of ACP select?

A

Range identification code

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45
Q

What does B position of ACP select?

A

Both audio signals

46
Q

How many RT positions are there on ACP?

A

3

47
Q

What does centre RT position select?

A

Rx only

48
Q

What does up RT position select?

A

Tx

49
Q

What does down position RT select and how does this affect the microphones?

A

Interphone mics on permanently

50
Q

What does comms transfer switch on overhead panel do?

A

Transfers comms to third crew member if fault

51
Q

How does does mechanic tell pilot he wants to communicate with him?

A

Presses call button near jack plug

52
Q

How does the mechanic wanting to communicate with the pilot display to pilot?

A

Illuminated mech light on ACP

53
Q

Why are service interphone jacks only connected on ground?

A

Situated in dirty areas so noisy

54
Q

How are service interphone jacks disconnected in the air?

A

Ground/air switch

55
Q

How does the system prevent two signals being broadcast on the system at the same time

A

Passenger address power amp prioritises

56
Q

What are PA signal priorities?

A
  • 1 Pilot
  • 2 FO
  • 3 Cabin crew
  • 4 pre recorded
  • 5 boarding music
57
Q

When does PA amp output increase?

A
  • Engine start

- Oxygen mask deployment

58
Q

How is PA amp output increase triggered?

A
  • Engine oil pressure

- 14000ft cabin pressure switch

59
Q

What is CVR used for?

A

Evaluation of incidents or accidents

60
Q

What are two types of CVR and how long do they record for?

A
  • Analogue 30 mins

- Solid state 120 mins

61
Q

Where is the CVR normally located?

A

tail compartment

62
Q

How many inputs are there to the CVR?

A

4 inputs

63
Q

When does CVR recording start?

A

First engine start or when AC in flight at latest

64
Q

When does CVR recording stop?

A

5 mins after shutdown or last engine on ground

65
Q

When is is possible to erase CVR tape?

A

AC on ground with parking brake set

66
Q

When operating CVR test, what are the indications?

A
  • Needle in green or test pass status

- Records test signal on four channels

67
Q

What is VHF used for?

A

Short distance voice and data

68
Q

What is VHF frequency range?

A

118MHz to 136.975 MHz

69
Q

What is VHF international emergency frequency?

A

121.5 MHz

70
Q

What is norml VHF channel spacing and how many channels does that provide?

A

25KHz and 760 channels

71
Q

How many VHF systems are there?

A

3

72
Q

How is VHF comms controlled?

A

RMP

73
Q

What must you do before transmitting on radio system?

A

Listen to ensure no-one is talking

74
Q

What does missing side-tone during VHF transmission indicate?

A

Tx system failure

75
Q

How many windows on a radio maintenance panel?

A

two

76
Q

What are the two windows on a radio maintenance panel?

A

active and standby

77
Q

What shows in RMP active window when ACARS is active?

A

ACARS or DATA

78
Q

What steps are required for VHF communication to ground?

A
  • ACP system selected
  • RMP correct system selected and frequency
  • Frequency in active window
  • Listen to ground for other transmission
79
Q

What is HF used for?

A

Long distance comms

80
Q

What determines reception quality in HF?

A

Time of day and selected frequency

81
Q

Where is HF antenna usually located?

A

Leading edge of vertical stab

82
Q

What is HF frequency range?

A

2MHz to 30MHz

83
Q

What is HF power output?

A

200w to 400w

84
Q

What modes can be selected by AM button?

A

AM and single side band (SSB)

85
Q

When does antenna tuning take place?

A

Short press of PTT

86
Q

What tuning indications are there?

A
  • Light

- 1Khz tone

87
Q

What is ACARS used for?

A

Message and data transfer between AC and ground

88
Q

Which system does ACARS normally use for transmission?

A

VHF 3

89
Q

What is aircraft to ground transmission called?

A

Downlink

90
Q

Are ACARS reports manual or automatic?

A

Both

91
Q

What does he ACARS management unit (MU) do?

A

Connects ACARS to other AC systems

92
Q

When ACARS uses Satcom because VHF station unavailable, where does it get its position from?

A

Flight management computer

93
Q

How is ACARS management unit software updated?

A

Data loader

94
Q

How is ACARS controlled?

A

Through the MCDU

95
Q

What are the 3 components of SATCOM?

A
  • Satellites
  • AC stations
  • Ground earth stations
96
Q

What does satcom provide that other systems don’t?

A

Multiple connections and 2 way connections for phone calls etc

97
Q

How many satellites does satcom use?

A

4

98
Q

What is the coverage of satcom satellites?

A

75 degrees north to 75 degrees south

99
Q

How many satcom stations are there worldwide?

A

255

100
Q

What are SATCOM system components?

A
  • SDU
  • RFU
  • HPA
  • LNA/Dip,
  • Beam Steering Unit and antenna
101
Q

What does SDU do in satcom?

A

Controls all connections to AC systems has satellite locations and frequencies

102
Q

How many antennas does SATCOM use?

A

1 top mounted or two side mounted

103
Q

What advantage of low gain antenna over high gain?

A
  • No beam steering unit

- No AC position data required

104
Q

What must you ensure when using SATCOM on ground

A

no personnel of metal objects near antenna

105
Q

What is ELT used for?

A

Search and rescue/find aircraft

106
Q

What are two types of ELT?

A

Fixed

portable

107
Q

What are two international emergency frequencies?

A

121.5Mhz, 243 Mhz

108
Q

How far can international emergency frequencies be received?

A

Up to 200 nm

109
Q

How long does ELT internal battery last?

A

at least 48 hours

110
Q

How is a buoyant type of ELT activated

A

Contact with water

111
Q

How is a fixed ELT activated?

A

Excess of 5g longitudinal axis or set manually

M11 Consolidation (18 decks)

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