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M11 Consolidation > 11.01 Theory of Flight > Flashcards

11.01 Theory of Flight Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three axes of motion?

A

Lateral, longitudinal and vertical

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2
Q

Which flying controls control movement around the lateral axis?

A

Elevators

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3
Q

What is meant by aileron lockout?

A

Outboard ailerons become inactive

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a V tail?

A 
A:
- Weight saving
D: 
- More complicated adjustment
- Needs larger surface area
- Less stable
- Cant get full elevator and full rudder simultaneously
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5
Q

What are the secondary flying controls?

A

Lift devices and trim systems

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6
Q

What lift device gives the maximum increase in lift?

A

Triple slotted fowler flap

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7
Q

What are trim systems used for?

A

To compensate for aircraft imbalance

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8
Q

How do vortex generators reduce wave drag?

A

By producing an oblique shockwave inside the suspersonic airflow

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9
Q

Name the three types of balance used on flying controls

A
  • Balance tab
  • Anti balance tab
  • Balance panel
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10
Q

Does the balance tab aid the pilot?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is an anti balance tab?

A

A tab that moves in the same direction as the control surface increasing the effectiveness of the control surface

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12
Q

What property of air changes with the onset of transonic flight?

A

It becomes compressible (large pressure and density changes)

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13
Q

What is mach number?

A

Aircraft speed divided by speed of sound

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14
Q

What is the critical mach number?

A

the fastest speed the aircraft can achieve without being subjected to supersonic airflow

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15
Q

What wing design feature delays the onset of Mcrit?

A

Wing sweep

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16
Q

Where does supersonic airflow first occur on an aerofoil?

A

On the upper surface

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17
Q

How are oblique shockwaves employed in intakes?

A

To gradually slow the supersonic airflow before the normal shock occurs

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18
Q

What happens to air velocity in an expansion wave?

A

It increases

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19
Q

Why does flow separation occur behind a shockwave?

A

Boundary layer does not have enough kinetic energy to withstand the large increase in static pressure

20
Q

When does a bow wave form in front of the leading edge?

A

When flight speed exceeds the speed of sound

21
Q

What drag increases due to the use of vortex generators?

A

Parasitic drag

22
Q

Which wing profile is also known as rear loaded?

A

Transonic

23
Q

What are the possible advantages of a rear loaded wing profile?

A
  • Lighter
  • greater fuel capacity
  • less drag
  • less sweepback
  • smaller wing
  • better low speed characteristics
24
Q

How is tuck under avoided on modern aircraft?

A

Mach trim system

25
Q

Where on the wing does a shockwave first form?

A

Wing root

26
Q

What are the two types of shockwave that can form on supersonic aerofoils?

A

Normal and oblique

27
Q

Which type of shock wave causes an increase in the velocity of airflow?

A

Neither, an expansion wave causes an increase in velocity

28
Q

How does the vortex generator re-energise the boundary layer flow?

A

By transferring energy from the free air flow to the boundary layer

29
Q

What would be the effect on the AOA if the slats were extended?

A

Decreases the relative AOA of the wing

30
Q

When would the boundary layer separate from the aerofoil section?

A

When the normal shockwave forms

31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantage of the anti-balance tab?

A

A:
- Increases the efficiency of the control surface
D:
- Requires more effort to deflect the control surface

32
Q

What detrimental effect does aerodynamic heating have on metals?

A

They lose their strength

33
Q

What is the point at which airflow over a wing is at its maximum but below the speed of sound?

A

Critical mach number

34
Q

What is the normal sweep wing angle on modern aircraft?

A

30 degrees

35
Q

What is formed at a supersonic intake to ensure good airflow to the engine?

A

Oblique shockwaves

36
Q

What level of flight control surface correct for imbalance in flight?

A

Secondary

37
Q

What causes the deflection of the tab in the balance panel trim system?

A

The difference in static pressure between the two chambers

38
Q

There is a large increase in what, behind the shock wave on an aerofoil section?

A

A large increase in static pressure

39
Q

What are the differences between a normal wing profile and a transonic profile?

A

Transonic wing has:

  • Flatter upper surface
  • More curved leading edge
  • Thinner trailing edge
40
Q

What happens when a shock stall occurs in the transonic region and how is it corrected?

A
  • Centre of lift moves outboard on the wing and aft on the aircraft
  • Nose tucks under
  • Corrected with horizontal stabilizer (mach trim)
41
Q

Where is the centre of gravity located on a balanced control surface?

A

On the hinge line

42
Q

Extending flaps and slats will do what to the profile of a wing?

A

Increase camber and area

43
Q

How is a high speed turn controlled by flying control surfaces?

A

Aileron and roll spoilers with rudder input

44
Q

How does a horn balance surface assist control deflection?

A

Air loading assists control deflection

45
Q

The automatic trim system of the horizontal stabiliser which corrects for tuck under is called what?

A

Mach trim

46
Q

How many ailerons are fitted to large aircraft and how do they operate?

A
  • four (two inboard and two outboard)

- outboard are locked out at high speed

47
Q

Aluminium can lose approximately what percentage of its strength at 250 celcius?

A

80%

M11 Consolidation (18 decks)

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