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PoM II - Final Exam > 11. Changes of Pregnancy > Flashcards

11. Changes of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Estrogen effects on reproductive organs

A

Increase blood flow to uterus; Inhibit ovulation; Promote ductal development of breasts

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2
Q

Systemic effects of estrogen

A

Decreased PVR; Renal retention of Na+; Increase in fibrinogen; Softening of fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

Progesterone effects on reproductive organs

A

Decreased uterine contractility; Stimulates alveolar breast development; Inhibits ovulation

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4
Q

Systemic effects of progesterone

A

Elevated basal body temp; Decreased smooth muscle activity; Increases Na+ excretion; Increased aldosterone production; Increased sensitivity to CO2; Neuroendocrine/behavioral effects

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5
Q

Human Placental Lactogen

A

FEED THE BABY!!! Decreases materinal insulin sensitivity to increase glucose levels; Decreased maternal glucose utilization to feed fetus; Increased lipolysis to fuel fetal growth; Potent lactogenic properties

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6
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

Causes elevation of HCG; maintains function of corpus luteum early in preg

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7
Q

Relaxin

A

Produced by corpus luteum; softens & ripens cervix; softens ligaments and pubic symphysis; Mediates uterine quiescence; Mediates hemodynamic changes of preg;

In males, enhances sperm motility

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8
Q

Uterine changes

A

Blood flow increases from 50cc/min to 500 cc/min; Wt increases from 70g to 1100 g; Volume increases from 10cc to 5000g

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9
Q

Hagar’s sign

A

Softening of the uterus

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10
Q

When is the maximal functional period of the corpus luteum?

A

1st 4 wks after conception

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11
Q

Vaginal changes

A

Increased vascularity/mucosa thickness/discharge/acidity

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12
Q

Breast changes

A

Breast enlargement; Increased size of nipples & aerola/pigmentation; Enlargement of Montgomery’s glands;

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13
Q

Hematologic changes

A

Plasma volume increase (50%); RBC mass increase (18%); Physiologic anemia; Increase in WBC; Increase in clotting factors; Bleeding time & clotting time unchanged.

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14
Q

Daily iron supplement requirement for pregnant women

A

300 mg of ferrous sulfate = 60 mg elemental iron

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15
Q

Cardiovascular changes

A

Increased CO; SV; HR (^10-15 beats/min)

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16
Q

Normal Heart Tone Changes

A

Split S2 with inspiration; Low-grade systolic ejection murmur d/t increased volume; Third heart sound after mid-pregnancy

17
Q

Abnormal Heart Tone Changes

A

Diastolic murmurs

18
Q

Heart position during pregnancy

A

Upward and to the left

19
Q

GI changes

A

Decrease intestinal motility & gallbladder emptying

20
Q

Pulmonary changes

A

Increased O2 consumption; Increased Tidal volume; Decreased residual volume. RESPIRATORY RATE IS UNCHANGED! Dyspnea experienced by 2/3 of women starting in late 1st trimester.

21
Q

Thyroid changes

A

Moderate thyroid enlargement; Free T3 & T4 unchanged.

22
Q

Pancreas changes

A

Hyperinsulinemia; Hypertriglyceridemia; Reduced tissue response to insulin. Changes d/t increased HPL (feed the baby!)

23
Q

When does a fetus start synthesizing & secreting insulin?

A

9-11 wks gestation

24
Q

hCG effects on blood

A

hCG & estrogen lead to increased levels of thyroid hormone in blood; hCG has mild stimulatory effects on thyroid; Estrogen produces higher levels of thyroid binding globulin

25
Q

Effects of Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy

A

Miscarriage; PREMATURE birth; low birth wt; CHF

26
Q

Effects of Hypothyroidism during Pregnancy

A

Miscarriage; ANEMIA; low birth wt; Slowed growth and brain development in first trimester

27
Q

Most accurate measure of thyroid activity

A

TSH test

28
Q

If TSH levels low, orderﾅ

A

T3 & T4 test

29
Q

Antihyperthyroid med for 1st trimester

A

PTU

30
Q

ANtihyperthyroid med after 1st trimester

A

Methimaxole

31
Q

How often is thyroxine effectiveness checked in pregnancy?

A

6-8 wks

32
Q

What drug is safe and necessary for fetal development in hypothyroidism?

A

Thyroxine

33
Q

What spinal deformity is common in pregnancy?

A

Compensatory lumbar lordosis

34
Q

Diastasis recti

A

Physiologic separation of the rectus abdominal muscles

35
Q

What can caused blurred vision?

A

Fluid retention causing thickened cornea;

36
Q

What dental changes can occur?

A

Gingivitis; Epulis gravidarum

PoM II - Final Exam (12 decks)

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