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PoM II - Final Exam > 01. GYN Overview > Flashcards

01. GYN Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral fornices

A

Pouches lateral to the cervix that contain the broad ligaments; the ovaries and fallopian tubes may be palpated here

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2
Q

Layers of the Uterus

A

Endometrium (innermost); Mymetrium (muscular); Perimetrium (peritoneal covering)

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3
Q

Isthmus

A

Nonmobile, medial portion of fallopian tube that has a narrow lumen

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4
Q

Ampulla

A

Most common site for ectopic pregnancies

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5
Q

Fimbrae

A

Direct egg into fallopian tube

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6
Q

Lymphatic drainage of vulva and lower vagina

A

Inguinofemoral lymph nodes, then external iiac chains

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7
Q

Lymphatic drainage of cervix

A

Parametria (cardinal ligaments) to pelvic nodes (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac groups)

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8
Q

Lymphatic drainage of endometrium

A

Thru broad ligament and infundibulopelvic ligament to the pelvic and para-aortic chains

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9
Q

Lymphatic drainage of ovaries

A

Via the infundibulopelvic ligaments to the pelvic and para-aortic chains

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10
Q

Adrenarche

A

Change in adrenal gland a/w production of androgen (~ age 8)

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11
Q

Tanner Stage I (females)

A

0-15 yrs; Pre-adolescent breasts; No pubic hair

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12
Q

Tanner Stage II (females)

A

8-15 yrs; Breast budding (thelarche); areolar hyperplasia w/ small breast tissue; Long downy pubic hair near labia; Peak growth velocity often occurs soon after stage II

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13
Q

Tanner Stage III (females)

A

10-15 yrs; Further breast tissue enlargement; no separation of areola contours; Increase in amount and pigmentation of pubic hair; Menarche in late stage III (2% of girls)

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14
Q

Tanner Stage IV (females)

A

10-17 yrs; Separation of contours; areola and nipple form secondary mound above breast tissue; Pubic hair adult in type but not distribution; Menarche occures in most girls in stage IV, 1-3 yrs after thelarche

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15
Q

Tanner Stage V (females)

A

12.5-18; Large breast with single contour; Pubic hair has adult distribution; Menarche occurs in 10% of girls in stage V.

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16
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Uterine bleeding at irregular intervals

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17
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

Menstrual cycles with intervals of 21 days or fewer

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18
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

One-sided, lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation

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19
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor derived from muscle, most often of the uterus (AKA fibroid)

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20
Q

Hypothalamic reproductive cyle hormone

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

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21
Q

Pituitary reproductive cyle hormones

A

FSH; LH

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22
Q

Ovarian sex steroid reproductive cyle hormones

A

Estrogens (17B-estradiol; estrone; estriol); progesterone

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23
Q

Function of FSH

A

Stimulates graafian follicles of ovary; assist follicular maturation and secretion of estradiol

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24
Q

Function of LH

A

Stimulates final RIPENING OF FOLLICLES and the SECRETION OF PROGESTERONE their rupture to RELEASE THE EGG; and CONVERSION of RUPTURED FOLLICLE into CORPUS LUTEUM

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25
Q

Function of estrogens

A

Control course of the menstrual cycle

26
Q

Function of progesterone

A

Antiestrogenic steroid; ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM; synthetic form is used to CORRECT MENSES ABNORMALITIS, contraceptive, and control recurring abortions

27
Q

Ovulation cycle day of Menstruation Onset

A

Day 2-5

28
Q

Ovulation cycle day of Peak Estrogen

A

Day 12

29
Q

Ovulation cycle day of Peak LH

A

Day 14

30
Q

Ovulation cycle day of Peak FSH

A

Day 14

31
Q

Ovulation cycle day of Peak Progesterone

A

Day 22

32
Q

Ovulation cycle day of Ovulation

A

Day 14

33
Q

Ovulation cycle day of 2nd Estrogen Peak

A

Day 22

34
Q

Ovulation cycle day of 2nd FSH Peak

A

Day 3

35
Q

Average age of Menarche

A

Age 12-13

36
Q

Normal Cycle Length

A

21-35 day

37
Q

Average duration of menstrual cycle

A

5 days

38
Q

5 P’s of Sexual History

A

Partners, Prevention, of pregnancy, Protection from STDs, Practices, Past history of STDs

39
Q

Gravidity

A

Total number of pregnancies

40
Q

Parity

A

Number of pregnancies a patient carried to viability

41
Q

GFPAL

A

Gravidity/Full-term/Premature/Abortion/Living

42
Q

Anteverted uterus

A

Straight uterus that is tilted toward the umbilicus

43
Q

Anteflexed uterus

A

Uterus that bends toward the umbilicus; makes uterus feel smaller

44
Q

Retroverted uterus

A

Straight uterus that tilts toward spine; common in 20% of women; may not be palpable except with rectal exam

45
Q

Retroflexed uterus

A

Uterus with backward angulation that bends toward the spine; palpable through posterior fornix or rectum

46
Q

Uterine Prolapse

A

Uterus drops into vaginal canal

47
Q

Causes of uterine prolapse

A

Excessive stretching of pelvic fascia/ligaments/muscles during pregnancy/labor/vaginal delivery

48
Q

Uterine Prolapse Grade 1

A

Descent within normal position & ischial spines (bubbled cervix)

49
Q

Uterine Prolapse Grade 2

A

Descent within ischial spines and hymen

50
Q

Uterine Prolapse Grade 3

A

Descent within hymen

51
Q

Uterine Prolapse Grade 4

A

Descent through hymen

52
Q

Complete Uterine Prolapse

A

Uterus falls enough that some tissue rests outside the vagina (Grade 4)

53
Q

Cause of Cystocele or Rectocele

A

Loss of normal tissue integrity or tissue disruption as result of trauma (childbirth, obstetric injury, surgery)

54
Q

Cystocele/Rectocele/Enterocelel Risk Factors

A

Multiparity; Obesity; Chronic Cough; Heavy lifting; Estrogen loss; Smoking

55
Q

Enterocele

A

Loss of support of the apex of vagina, through rupture or attenuation of the pubovesicocervical fascia, manifested by descent or prolapse of the vaginal wall and underlying peritoneum, most commonly AFTER ABDOMINAL OR VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY

56
Q

Enterocele causes

A

Loss or rupture of normal support mechanisms in pouch of Douglas; True herniation of peritoneal cavity between the uterosacral ligaments and into the rectovaginal septum

57
Q

3 Categories of Dyspareunia

A

1) Vulvar pain; 2) Vaginal/deep pain; 3) Combination

58
Q

Vulvar vestibulitis

A

Most common type of premenopausal dyspareunia

59
Q

Vulvar vestibulitis characteristics

A

Highly localized “burning” or “cutting” pain; Severe with attempted penetration

60
Q

Vulvar or vaginal atrophy

A

Common cause of Dyspareunia in postmenopausal women

61
Q

Vulvar or vaginal atrophy characteristics

A

D/t estrogen deficiency; Pain is associated with penetration or with discomfort in the anterior portion of the vagina

PoM II - Final Exam (12 decks)

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