11-217V1 Ch12 Flashcards
One inside the final approach fix the pilot must do what?
Remain tuned to and display the facility that provides final approach course guidance
When can you go below step down fixes?
Limited to aircraft capable of simultaneous reception of final approach course guidance and the stepdown fix
What is the VDP computed for?
The non precision approach with the lowest MDP
When can you use a 75 MHz marker?
In procedures where DME cannot be implemented.
What is the VDP?
A defined point in the final approach course of a non precision approach straight in approach procedure from which a normal descent (3 deg normally) may be commenced
What does it mean if the approach is published without a VDP?
An obstacle may penetrate the 20:1 surface or the approach may have been published before VDPs were emphasized
How do you calculate the VDP?
HAT/GS
How can you calculate the VDP with timing?
10% of the HAT in seconds is the approximate amount of time to descend from the HAT, and subtract that from the time to get from FAF to the runway based on g/s
What’s the MAP?
The missed approach point. The point on non precision approaches where an aircraft will execute a missed approach if the runway is not in sight or not in a safe position to land
What must you do if a turn is required over the FAF?
Turn immediately and intercept the final approach course. Do not descend below the MDA or step down until past the FAF
When is an approach still considered a straight in?
A course change up to 30 deg
How do you calculate the needed VVI for a 3 deg g/s?
Groundspeedx10/2
When is timing required?
When the final approach does not terminate at a published fix
When can you descend from the MDA/DA/DH?
When sufficient visual reference with the runway environment has been established and the aircraft is in position to execute a safe landing
What is considered runway environment?
Approach light system, threshold markings or lights, runway end identifier lights, touchdown zone markings or lights, runway or runway markings, runway lights, visual approach slope indicator
What are non radar approaches?
Approaches that do not require radar vectoring or radar services on final and may or may not provide electronic glide path guidance
When is an ILS/LOC NA?
If the localizer or OM (with no suitable substitute available) fails
At what sensitivity should airborne marker beacon receivers operate?
Low
What do you set on a localizer back course?
The published front course
The glide slope has a usable range of what?
10 Miles
The localizer signal has a usable range of what?
18 Miles within 10 deg of course centerline
ATC May clear you to intercept the loc course beyond 18 Miles or the published limit when?
When A/C in radar contact and ATC sharing responsibility for course guidance
When must the ILS/LOC approach be discontinued?
If the localizer course becomes unreliable or any time full scale deflection of the CDI occurs on the final approach
Do not descend below localizer mins if the aircraft is what?
More than one dot below or two dots above glide slope
Is it possible to receive false or erroneous glide slope signal with both ground and air components of the glide slope system operating normally, normal ident, and no off flags or warnings while on the localizer course?
Yes
At what weather are vehicles and aircraft not authorized in and over ILS critical area?
800’ and 2 mi when arriving aircraft is between the FAF and airport (except for aircraft that land, exit a runway, depart or go missed)
What does it mean when controllers advise “Localizer/glideslope signal not protected”?
There are aircraft or vehicles potentially inside the ILS critical area which may affect ILS indications
What should you check at the glide slope intercept point?
The intercept altitude and if it matches the chart
When can you descend out of the restrictive altitude on final?
When established on final
How is the Gs intercept altitude identified?
A lightning bolt
What is decisión height (DH)?
The height above touchdown referenced by a radar altimeter and is the height at which a decision must be made during a precision approach to continue or go missed
How is obstacle clearance calculated for a DH?
Allows a momentary descent below DH while transitioning from final to a missed approach
Can you ever use the middle marker as the sole means of identifying the MAP?
Never. It can provide SA though.
What min altitudes must be maintained from the glide slope intercept point to the FAF on an approach procedure without glide path guidance?
Published glide slope intercept altitude, altitude published at fix or ATC assigned because if published in conjunction with an ILS it cannot always clearly depict the FAF crossing altitude
What does RAIM stand for?
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
What must you do if you have a RAIM fail before the FAWP?
You must not commence the approach and coordinate for an alternate clearance
What must you do if you have a RAIM fail after the FAWP?
Based on the receiver equipage, it may be allowed to continue operating without annunciation for up to 5 minutes to allow completion of the approach. (not for the T-6). If not, climb to the missed approach altitude, proceed to the MAWP, and execute a missed approach
What is the only exception allowed for differences when cross checking the database against the published approach plate?
The FAWP altitude may be raised above that shown published in order to ensure adequate clearance at a stepdown fix
How should you fly an RNAV approach?
From an IAWP or feeder fix unless specifically cleared otherwise
When does CDI sensitivity change to 1 NM?
When within 30 NM of the airfield
When will it change to approach sensitivity of 0.3 NM?
When within 2 NM of the FAWP
Unless circling from the approach what kind of RNAV guidance should be used?
VNAV if provided by aircraft avionics and certified for use IAW 11-202V3. Shall not use below the published MDA or DA
What must USAF pilots do about stepdown fixes?
Must comply with them all as depicted on the IAP
When do you activate the missed approach?
After crossing the MAWP, but not before.
What is CDI sensitivity once the missed approach is activated?
1 NM (back to approach arm mode)
Can you turn off final approach course prior to the MAWP?
No
What are the two kinds of radar approaches?
PAR (precision approach radar) and ASR (approach surveillance radar)
At the MAP the ASR error may be as much as what?
500’ from runway edges
In prep for the radar approach what must you do?
Select a backup approach that is compatible with the weather and aircraft where available.
If you experience lost comm during a radar approach what can you do?
You are auto cleared to fly any published approach unless a lost comm approach was issued
How often should you receive radio transmissions during a radar approach
1 minute while vectored to final
15 s on ASR final
5 s on PAR final
If unable to reestablish communications and maintain VFR during a radar approach, what should you do?
Intercept the backup approach at the nearest point that allows a normal rate of descent, maintain last assigned or MSA or ESA if more than 25 NM away, whichever is higher, until established on a segment of the published approach
If there is no suitable backup approach what should the pilot do?
Notify the controller of intentions in case of lost comm upon initial contact with ATC
What must you read back to the controller during a radar approach?
Headings, altitudes (departing and assigned), and altimeter settings until told “do not acknowledge further transmissions”
When is the radar controller required to issue ceiling and visibility weather info?
When ceiling is below 1500’ (1000’ at civil airports) or below the highest circling min whichever is greater or if vis is less than 3 NM
What should you furnish to the controller if circling out of an ASR?
Aircraft category
When will the controller advise that approaching the glide path on a PAR?
10-30 s out (this is a good point to configure)
What is a caution associated with flying the ASR to the MAP?
Depending on the MAP location, the descent from the MDA will often have to be initiated prior to reaching the MAP for a normal 3 deg descent to landing.
What must besáis during a radar approach for the controller to cease providing course and glide path guidance?
Both “runway in sight” and “proceeding visually”
When do you use a no-gyro approach?
Anytime the heading indicator should fail during flight
For a no-gyro approach when do you use standard rate and half standard rate turns?
On final when the controller tells you to, use non standard rate and standard rate everywhere else, not to exceed 30 deg
Must you acknowledge the controller’s commands of start and stop turn?
Yes until told not to. Start and stop the turn as soon as hear the words, not after acknowledgement.
What is a visual approach?
It’s conducted on an IFR flight plan and authorized the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport.
What must the pilot have to proceed visually?
Either the airport or preceding aircraft in sight and approach must be authorized and controlled by ATC and able to proceed visually, clear of clouds
What weather is required for a visual approach?
1000’ and 3 SM or greater
If the pilot does not call visual with the preceding aircraft who owns approach interval and wake turbulence separation?
ATC
Should you cancel IFR when cleared the visual approach?
No. Radar service is auto terminated when the pilot is advised to change to advisory frequency
Are there missed approach procedures for a visual approach?
No. An advisory, clearance or instruction from tower will be issued if a go around is necessary
What are pilot responsibilities during a visual approach?
1) . Advise ATC ASAP if visual approach not desired
2) Comply with controllers instructions for vectors toward the airport or to a visual position behind preceding aircraft
3) . After being cleared, proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport. Must have preceding aircraft or airport in sight.
4) . If instructed to follow another aircraft, notify the controller if unable to maintain visual, don’t see it etc
What is a contact approach?
A procedure that may be used instead of conducting an IAP to the airport. Need clear of clouds and at least 1 SM visibility
Can an aircraft fly an overhead pattern if cleared visual or contact approach?
No. That is a VFR maneuver. IFR will be auto cancelled by initial or if at uncontrolled airfield, aircraft must cancel prior to overhead maneuver or after landing
What does an IAP with a visual segment look like?
In general when distance from MAP to runway approach end exceed 3 SM, it will say “fly visual” on the profile view of the IAP. There will be a long dashed line with approximate heading and distance to runway end
How do you execute a visual segment of an approach?
Remain clear of clouds and proceed to the airport having visual contact with the ground. Must have preplanned climbout options since missed approach obstacle clearance only guaranteed if initiated NLT MAP
What is a CVFP?
Charted Flight Visual Procedure. A published visual approach where an aircraft on an IFR flight plan in VMC with ATC clearance can proceed to the airport under VFR via the depicted route.
When informed CVFPs are in use, by when must the pilot advise ATC they are unable to accept it?
On initial contact
What altitudes must the pilot fly for CVFPs?
The published altitudes are recommended
Around when do CVFPs usually begin?
Within 20 miles of the airport
What are converging runways?
Runways with a 15-100 deg angle to them
What are two subtle differences with converging approaches as opposed to normal approaches?
The missed approach procedure is expected to be flown and will not be modified.
The missed approach instructions will probably include a turn away from he other aircraft and as a result be further out from the runway
Also, the missed approach point is adjusted by raising the DA which raises the weather mins necessary to fly the approach
What are ILS PRM approaches?
Precision Runway Monitor. For runways separated less than 4300’
