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23 General Pathology > 11/2 - Lung Pathology > Flashcards

11/2 - Lung Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what are vascular lung diseases

A
  1. pulmonary embolism and infarction
  2. pulmonary hypertension
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2
Q

Almost all large pulmonary artery thrombi are embolic in origin, usually arising from the _____

A

deep vein of the lower leg

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3
Q

risk factors of pulmonary embolism

A
  1. Prolonged bed rest or immobilization
  2. leg surgery
  3. Severe trauma
  4. Use of oral contraceptives
  5. Congestive heart failure
  6. Disseminated cancer
  7. Inherited forms of hypercoagulable states (Protein S & C deficiency etc. + Disseminated cancer)
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4
Q

60-80% of pulmonary emobli are what?
5% cause what?
remainder related to what?

A

60-80 = silent
5% cause acute cor pulmonale, shock, or death

Remainder cause symptoms related to ventilation-perfusion mismatch and/or pulmonary infarction, particularly dyspnea or chest pain

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5
Q

is risk of recurrence in pulmonary emoblism high or low

A

HIGH

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6
Q

what is defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg at rest

A

pulmonary hypertension

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7
Q

is pulmonary hypertension mostly IDIOPATHIC?

A

yes

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8
Q

what is pulmonary hypertension charaterized by

A

Increased vascular resistance
Blood vessel narrowing within the pulmonary vasculature

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9
Q

symptoms of pulmonar hypertension

A

Usually complicate those of underlying lung disease
right sided heart failure

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10
Q

treatment of pulmonary hypertension

A

If secondary to another disease, focus is on the treatment underlying disease
Calcium channel blockers

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11
Q
A

normal -> thickened -> occluded

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12
Q

what is invasion of lung tissues by disease-causing agent (mostly bacteria)

A

pneumonia

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13
Q

what causes exudative solidification of the (consolidation) of the pulmonary tissue

A

pneumonia (invasion of lung tissue by disease causing agent)

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14
Q

what are two subcategories of pneumonia

A
  1. Lobar pneumonia
  2. Bronchopneumonia
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15
Q

Lobar Pneumonia

A
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16
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A
17
Q

what is pneumonia classification based on

A
  1. specific organism
  2. clinical setting (if no pathogen can be identified)
18
Q
A

branchopneumonia -> lobar pneumonia

19
Q

how can pneumonia be acquired based on clinical setting

A
  1. Community-acquired
  2. Nosocomial (in hospital setting) Greek: “tending to the sick”
  3. Aspiration pneumonia
  4. Immunocompromised
20
Q

what are types of infectious pneumonias

A
  1. bacterial infection pneumonia
  2. virus (AIDS, HIV) or fungal (peumocystis jiroveci) pneumonia: cell mediated defects
21
Q

what is a cause of fungal pneumonia

A

pneumocystis jiroveci

22
Q

Community Acquired

A
23
Q

Hospital Acquired

A
24
Q

types of lung carcinomas

A
  1. non-small cell carcinoma
  2. small cell carcinoma
25
Q

what lung carcinoma has highest association with smokers

A

small cell carcinoma

26
Q

what lung carcinoma is associated with squamous cell (more common in smokers) or adenocarcinoma (more common in non-smokers)

A

non-mall cell carcinoma

27
Q

90% of lung cancers arise in ___ or recent quitters

A

active cigarette smokers

28
Q

who is considered a heavy smoker

A

2 packs/day/20 yrs.
60X nonsmoker incidence

29
Q

peak incidence of lung carcinoma

A

55-60 years

30
Q

sex and survival of lung carcinoma

A

Sex: 2 Male: 1 female
Survival: all stages, all types combined
15% at 5 years; 5% at 10 years
At time of diagnosis, about 50% of lung cancershave already distant metastatic disease

31
Q

what disease:

50% have history of asbestos exposure
25-40 yrs. latent period
Asbestos not used since 1960

A

malignant meseothelioma

32
Q

is there direct link between smoking and mesothelioma

A

NO

33
Q

is pleural tumor mesothelioma curable? survival rate?

A

Essentially incurable unless detected at limited
stage
Median survival 11 months

23 General Pathology (24 decks)

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