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03 GI Nutrition > 10a Small and large intestine anatomy and functon > Flashcards

10a Small and large intestine anatomy and functon Flashcards

0
Q

Villous cells

A

Enterocytes
Goblets
DNES

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1
Q

Plicae circulares

A

Mucosal folds in DJI

/Increase surface area by 2-3 X

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2
Q

Crypts of Leberkuhn cells

A

DNES
Stem cells
Paneth cells- Lysozyme and defensins

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3
Q

Brush border

A

Microvilli + glycocalyx that breaks disacharides and dipeptides into monomers

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4
Q

Goblet cells

A

Secrete mucous- 80% carb 20% protein

Stain wih PAS are clear with H and E

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5
Q

Small Intestinal epithelial turnover

A

Every 3-6 days

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6
Q

Paneth cells

A

Long lived cells

Secrete lysozyme and defensins

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7
Q

Brunners glands

A

Alkaline mucus and EGF for stem cells

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8
Q

Absorption amounts

A

7L of fluid
30G of sodium
0.5kg carbohydrate and protein
1kg fat

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9
Q

Duodenum histology

A

25cm long
Villi broader, taller, and more numerous.
Fewer goblet cells
Brunners glands

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10
Q

Jejunum histology

A

Narrow short sparse villi

Slightly more goblet cells

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11
Q

Ileum

A

Small sparse villi

Peyers patches

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12
Q

Colonic crypts

A

Many goblet cells

6-7 day turnover

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13
Q

Appendix histo

A

Full of lymphoid tissue, less mucosal glands

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14
Q

GI tract differentiating features

A 
Duodenum- Brunners glands
Ileum- Villi and crypts with peyers patches
Colon- just crypts- no paneth cells
Appendix- lymphoid tissue
Anus- glandular with squamous epithelium
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15
Q

Paneth cell defenses

A
  • Alpha-defensins- cationic AMPS- chemoattractant and pore forming
  • Lysozyme C- degrades LPS (gram -)
  • PLP A2 - Hydrolyses FA in Gram pos bacteria
  • REG III gamma- PGN binding (Gram pos)
  • Cryptdin related sequences- Anti-bacterial, fungal, viral
16
Q

Mucosal antibodies

A 
IgA Dimer (IgA monomer in serum) (metabolized by liver) 
IgM Pentamer
17
Q

IgA evasion by microbes

A
  • Meningitis- H. influe, N. Meningi, S. Pneum. IgA proteases to break off FAB
  • IgA clevage proteases in mouth- Porphyromonas gingivalis, enterobacteriacea
  • Glycosidases- IgA glycosylated
  • IgA Binding proteins: Fc, Lectin hinge binding
18
Q

Short-chain fatty acids

A

Produced by bacteria- regulated immune cells, induce Tregs, also downregulate virulencefactors in pathogens

03 GI Nutrition (20 decks)

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