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03 GI Nutrition > 01a GI Devo > Flashcards

01a GI Devo Flashcards

0
Q

Foregut structures

A

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, thyroid, lung, liver, pancreas

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1
Q

Precursor of muscle, connective tissue, and other layers of gut wall (not including epithelium

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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2
Q

Midgut structures

A

distal duoodenum, jeunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal transverse colon

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3
Q

Hindgut structures

A

Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

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4
Q

Gut wall layers

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

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5
Q

Mucosa subdivisions

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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6
Q

Submucosa contents

A

loose collagenous and adipose tissue, large vessels and lympphatics

INNERVATED BY MEISSNERS - submucosal PLEXUS

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7
Q

Muscularis externa contents

A

Inner circular smooth muscle
Outer longitudinal smooth muscle

Some striated muscle at proximal esophagus

INNERVATED BY AUERBACH’s- Myenteric plexus

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8
Q

Vagus trunk rotation

A

Left —> anterior

Right —> posterior

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9
Q

Lesser sac

A

space behind the stomach

Also called omental bursa

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10
Q

Esophageal and duodenal development

A

Epithelial cells proliferate to occlude lumen and then recannalize

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11
Q

When does development of the stomach occurr

A

4-7 wks

28-48 days

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12
Q

When does gastrulation occur?

A

Week 3

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13
Q

Primary intestinal loop

A

Midgut loop: divided into cranial and caudal limbs, herniates through umbilical stalk

Cranial- becomes distal duodenum through ileum
Caudal- forms caecum-transverse colon

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14
Q

How to tell foregut, midgut, and hindgut apart embryonically

A

Foregut- supplied by cephalic trunk
Midgut- Supplied by SMA
Hindgut- supplied by IMA

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15
Q

When does midgut elongation occur

A

5-10 wks (then retraction and rotationof intestine occurs)

16
Q

Cloaca

A

expanded terminal hindgut

pinched through by urorectal spetum to create anus and ureter (attached to alantois)

17
Q

Hepatic diverticulum

A

Forms gallbladder and liver epithelium, branch of ventral foregut that expands week 4, to from liver, GB, ad pancreas by wk 6

18
Q

What causes liver bud growth and expansion

A

FGFs and BMPs from heart and septum transversum

19
Q

pancreas formation

A

Dorsal foregut endoderm gives rise to head and is contiguous with bile duct- creating the main pancreatic duct (FGF2 from Notocord induction) (displaced by aorta)

Ventral foregut forms body and tail of pancreas and also gives rise to accessory pancreatic duct (devoid of sonic heddgehog signaling)

20
Q

Liver parenchyma formation

A

Foregut epithelium
columnar—-> pseudostratified
BM degrades- BIPOTENTIAL HEPATOBLASTS differentiate from endoderm and invade mesenchyme- Hepatocytes (epithelials of liver) or Cholangiocytes (epithelials of biliary tree)

21
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excess amniotic fluid- caused by duodenal atresia because intestine doesn’t absorb amniotic fluid

22
Q

Hepatic biliary atesia

A

Can be obliteration of bile ducts

  • Jaundice
  • clay colored stools

Surgical duct repair or liver transplant

23
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Abdominal viscera extruded through a lateral defect (usually right) in abdominal wall NO UMBILICAL INVOLVEMENT
*leads to serousitis 2/2 amniotic fluid exposure

24
Q

Omphalocele

A

Herniation of abdominal contents into proximal umbillicus

  • can be intestines, liver, stomach, gonads
  • also associated with cardiac and urogenital defects
25
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

Ileal out pocketing- remnant of omphalocoelic duct- can be inflamed and mimic appendicits

  • Wall contains all layers of ileal tissue and may contain gastric/pancreatic tissue
  • can also get fistulas and cysts
26
Q

Hirschprung disease

A

Aganglionosis of colon-

  • megacolon (proximal to aganglionic region)
  • failure of aganglionic tissue fails to relax
  • no bowel movements at birth- poop explosion with digital exam
27
Q

Nonrotation/ malrotation

A

Can get poor rotation with large intestine on left, small intestine on right
Cane also get anterior positioning of duodenum

  • can lead to volvulus, obstruction, or infarction

03 GI Nutrition (20 decks)

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