1096: People's Crusade Flashcards
What was the Piacenza council?
March 1095 church council where Alexius’ letter was delivered to Urban II
What was the Clermont council?
November 1095 church council where Urban II launched the First Crusade
What was the name of the force of religiously motivated peasants and knights that were massacred by the Turks?
People’s Crusade
Who was the charismatic preacher and leader of the People’s Crusade?
Peter the Hermit
What is a pogrom? Where did this happen during the People’s Crusade?
a violent attack on Jewish people
Rhineland
What major event significantly affected Europe, causing hardship for peasants and potentially encouraging them to join the Crusade?
Famine
Who incited anti-Semitic pogroms in Germany? When? Where especially?
Count Emicho + Bishop Folkmar
summer 1096
Mainz
What is Blood Libel?
The incorrect belief that Jews murdered Jesus and sacrificed Christian children
Where was Count Emicho’s army destroyed? Why?
Hungary
Who were the leaders of the People’s Crusade?
- Peter the Hermit (French)
- Count Emicho (German)
- Walter Sans Avoir (French)
Whose contingent was refused entry to which Byzantine city? What did they do in response?
Walter Sans Avoir
Belgrade
pillaged countryside and skirmished with Belgrade’s garrison
Where were the Crusaders punished for stealing? How were they punished?
Zemun, Belgrade
stripped of armour and clothing, which was hung from the walls
Whose contingent was impatient and rushed ahead, leaving Koln early?
Walter Sans Avoir
How many Crusaders made up Peter the Hermit’s contingent? When did they leave Koln? How did this group split through Hungary?
40,000
20th Apr 1096
main army - on land through Sopron to Zemun
part army - on river Danube to Zemun
What made the Crusaders suspicious as they reached Zemun? What caused a riot? How many Hungarians were killed? What did the Crusaders proceed to do?
Walter’s hanging suits
dispute over price of shoes
4,000
cross Sava river, pillage and burn Belgrade
What caused a dispute at Nis? What did this cause? How many Crusaders died?
some Germans set fire to local mill
large skirmish, Nis garrison vs Crusaders
10,000 (1/4)
Where did the Crusaders meet their Byzantine escort? When did they reach Constantinople?
Sofia (Bulgaria)
1st Aug 1096
Who ferried the Crusaders to Anatolia? Across which river? How many? When?
Alexius I
Bosphorus
30,000
6th Aug 1096
Where did leadership break down? How did they split up? Who were their leaders? Who had lost control?
Nicomedia
Germans + Italians vs French
Rainald (Ita) and Geoffrey Burel (Fra)
Peter the Hermit
Whose advice did the Crusaders ignore to wait for the main First Crusade? Why?
Alexius I
Peter had lost all authority, crusaders spurred each other on out of pride
Which Seljuk fortress was captured by the Crusaders? Who by? Who besieged the city? Who won the siege?
Xerigordon
Rainald + Germans
Elchanes (Seljuk commander)
Seljuks
How did the Seljuks treat captured crusaders?
Offered to convert to Islam or be killed
Who ambushed the Crusaders at Civetot? When? Where? Who was killed?
Kilij Arslan (Seljuk)
21st Oct 1096
forest near village of Dracon
Walter Sans Avoir
What happened in the People’s Crusade?
1) gather men and set off east
2) conflict at Zemun + Belgrade
3) reach Constantinople and cross Bosphorus
4) capture Xerigordon, besieged and destroyed
5) massacred at Civetot
