10.2 GI 2

Question 1

What are the 3 constrictions of the esophagus?

Describe the constrictions

Answer 1

Cervical C6 : anatomical sphincter, after larynx
surrounding beginning of esophagus

Thoracic: At T4/5 esophagus gives rise to the 2 main bronchus
left main bronchus compresses the esophagus
aortic arch producing an impression on the left side of the esophagus

Diaphragmatic T10: esophagus passes through the muscular part of diaphragm
compress esophagus
functional sphincter
no localised muscle

Question 2

Describe the 2 layer coats of the esophagus

Answer 2

2 complete layers of muscle coat
both smooth muscle
main function: pass food
mucosa- not a large amount

Question 3

What is the esophagogastric junction and the z-line?

Answer 3

where the stomach connects esophagus
mucosa fold changes,
oesophageal mucosa-> gastric mucosa of stomach
not a gradual change, definite & sharp change
Change: Esophagogastric junction
Changing point indicated by Z-line in mucosa

Question 4

What is the cardiac orifice and the pyloric orifice?

Answer 4

Openings towards
Cardiac orifice: opening towards esophagus
Pyloric orifice: opening towards small intestine

Question 5

What is the difference between the pyloric antrium and pyloric canal?

Answer 5

Pyloric Antrium-wider part, connects to the stomach body
Pyloric Canal-narrowing part, continues to become the duodenum
(funnel like)

Question 6

What are the distinguishing factors of the Jejunum and Ileum? (small intestine)
What is a similarity of the J and I?

Answer 6

Both intraperitoneal viscera

J>I
J bigger diameter, SA-more mucosa fold in J, thicker wall
greater vascular supply in J
J-more pinkish I-more pale

Mesentery-double folded layer
vessels & fats within

J-less fat, vessel distribution-very clear
I-a lot of fat, vessels harder to distinguish, obscure

Question 7

What is the hepatic flexure and splenic flexure?

Answer 7

Turns of the large intestine
right colic flexure-hepatic flexure
left colic flexture- splenic flexture

Question 8

What are the distinguishing factors of the large intestine?

Answer 8

HOT
Haustra: baggy appearance of large intestine 

Omental appendices: fatty tag hanging around tenia coli bands
Tenia coli: three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the colon
shorter than mucosa walls, walls are gathered up forming bagging appearance-> Haustra

Question 9

How does the large intestine become the rectum?

Answer 9

large intestine continues to become the rectum
3 tenia coli bond merge together form a complete layer of longitudinal layer coat
2 complete layers of muscle coat: inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer