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Spanish > 102 - ch 12 > Flashcards

102 - ch 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Relative pronouns are used to … two sentences or clauses that …
e.g. sentence 1: mis padres me regalaron la aspiradora. sentence 2: la aspiradora funciona muy bien. Together they become: la aspiradora que mis padres me regalaron funciona muy bien

A

combine;

share a common element

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2
Q

spanish has three frequently used relative pronouns:
…
…
…

A

que;
quien(es);
lo que

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3
Q

relative pronouns never carry a …

A

written accent

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4
Q

que can refer to … or to …

quien refers only to … and is often used after a … or the …

A 
things; 
people; 
people;
preposition; 
personal a;
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5
Q

quien is occasionally used instead of que in clauses …
e.g.
Lola, quien es cubana, es médica. Su tía, que es alemana, ya llegó.

A

set off by commas

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6
Q

unlike que and quien, lo que doesn’t refer to a …. It refers to an …, a …, or a …

A

specific noun;
idea;
situation;
past event;

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7
Q

lo que means …, …, or …

A

what;
that which;
the thing that

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8
Q

the usted and ustedes commands, like the negative tu commands, are formed by dropping the final o of the yo form in the present tense. For -ar verbs, add … or … For er and it verbs add … or …

A

e;
en;
a;
an

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9
Q 
(formal commands) verbs with irregular yo forms ... the irregularity in their formal commands. 
These verbs include: 
conducir
conocer
decir
hacer
ofrecer
oír
poner
salir
tener
traducir
traer
venir
ver
A

maintain

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10
Q

(formal commands) verbs maintain their …

A

stem changes

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11
Q 
(formal commands) 
verbs ending in car, gar, and zar have spelling changes in the command forms: 
c --> ...
g --> ...
z --> ...
A

qu;
gu;
c;

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12
Q

(formal commands)
to make a formal command negative, simply place … before the verb

in affirmative commands, pronouns are always … In negative commands, these pronouns always …

A

no;
attached to the end of the verb;
precede the verb

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13
Q

(formal commands) when a pronoun is attached to an affirmative command that has two or more syllables, an .. is added to maintain the original stress

usted and ustedes can be used with the command forms to strike a more formal tone. in such instances, they follow the …

A

accent mark;

command form

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14
Q

the indicative is used to state … and to express actions or states that the speaker considers to be … and …

A

facts;
real;
definite

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15
Q

the subjunctive mood expresses the speaker’s attitudes toward …, as well as actions/states the speaker views as …/….

A

events;
uncertain;
hypothetical

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16
Q 
subjunctive endings - ar verbs: 
...
...
...
...
...
...
A 
e;
es;
e; 
emos;
éis;
en
17
Q 
subjunctive endings - er and ir verbs: 
...
...
...
...
...
...
A 
a; 
as; 
a; 
amos; 
áis; 
an
18
Q 
(subjunctive) 
subjunctive is mainly used to express: 
1. ... and ... 
2. ... 
3. ..., ... and ... 
4. ... and ...
A

will; influence;
emotion;
doubt; disbelief; denial;
indefiniteness; nonexistence

19
Q 
(subjunctive) 
these impersonal expressions are always followed by clauses in the subjunctive: 
....
....
....
...
...
...
A 
es bueno que; 
es mejor que; 
es malo que; 
es importante que; 
es necesario que;
es urgente que
20
Q

verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the …/… of other people

A

actions/behavior

21
Q

some impersonal expressions, such as …, …, … and … are considered expressions of will or influence

A

es necesario que;
es importante que;
es mejor que;
es urgente que

22
Q

when the main clause contains an expression of will/influence, the …. is required in the subordinate clause, provided that the two clauses have …

A

subjunctive;

different subjects

23
Q

verbs of will and influence:

  1. …
  2. …
  3. …
  4. ….
A

aconsejar;
desear;
importar;
insistir (en)

24
Q

verbs of will and influence:

  1. …
  2. …
  3. …
  4. …
A

mandar;
necesitar;
pedir;
preferir

25
Q

verbs of will and influence:

  1. …
  2. …
  3. …
  4. …
  5. …
A 
prohibir; 
querer; 
recomendar; 
rogar; 
sugerir
26
Q

… are often used with the verbs aconsejar, importar, mandar, pedir, prohibir, recomendar, rogar, and sugerir

A

indirect object pronouns

27
Q

the … is used with words/expressions of will and influence if there is no change of subject in the sentence

A

infinitive

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