101 biosci Flashcards
space grease
lots of hydrocarbons in space, aliphatic and aromatic carbon.
Earth battery
Earth spins and generates electromagnetic field, which also interacts with solar wind from sun which mediates the flow of ions/electrons from the earth out into space and generates current.
Abundance of reactive elements in the crust
eg iron/sulfur which can arrange in a way to iron sulfur complexes which are found in natural biological systems and conduct the flow of electrons. Minerals could have promoted reactions.
Electrons in the complex wire arrangements
can supply power to drive condensation reaction in hydrocarbons (reduce molecules) and form a chain.
Energy can be transferred
to an electron carrier.
Bacteria in mud can pass electrons
up towards the oxygen in the atmosphere (evidence of life being early)
Life requires mac-
macromolecules
how do polymers form
through the removal of water (dehydration) and needs catalyst
How do polymers break
addition of water (hydrolysis) and needs catalyst
Polymers in cell and different types.
Polysaccharides (carbs), lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Oxygen in the electron transport chain
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration
The citric acid cycle transfers electrons to
NADH and FADH2.
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.
substrate-level phosphorylation
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle.
3 NADH + H+ are produced per each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle. 2 acetyl CoA are produced by glucose (that splits into 2 pyruvate).
In cellular respiration (electron transport), most ATP molecules are produced by _____.
oxidative phosphorylation
