100 Top Secrets Flashcards
1 cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in US
Smoking
2 cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in US
Alcohol
1 cause of preventable mental retardation
Alcohol (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
AST:ALT ≥ 2:1
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Vitamin lost during tx with isoniazid
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Most common cause of anemia
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency in women
Menstrual loss
Iron deficiency in men
Think cancer
Complications of Atherosclerosis
Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Stroke, Gangrene
Leading cause of blindness
Diabetic Retinopathy
Leading cause of end-stage renal failure
Diabetic Nephropathy
Leading cause of limb amputation
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Hypertensive Emergency
HA, dizziness, blurry vision, papilledema, cerebral edema, altered mental status, seizures, intracerebral hemorrhage (basal ganglia), renal failure/azotemia, angina, MI and/or Heart Failure
Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight loss, cessation of alcohol/tobacco use) may be able to treat the following disorders without the use of medications
HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes, GERD, insomnia, obesity, and sleep apnea
Exogenous causes of hyponatremia
oxytocin, surgery, narcotics, inappropriate IV fluid, diuretics, and antiepileptic medications
Electrolyte disturbance causing Tall, tented T waves on EKG
hyperkalemia
Electrolyte disturbance causing Loss of T waves/T-wave flattening and U waves on EKG
hypokalemia
Electrolyte duisturbance causing QT prolongation on EKG
Hypocalcemia
Electrolyte disturbance causing QtT shortening
Hypercalcemia
What to do when a patient is in shock
1st give patient oxygen, start and IV line, monitor pulse ox, ECG and vital signs
Then give fluid bolus (1L normal saline or lactated ringer) if no signs of CHF
Bibasilar Rales
Congestive Heart Failure
Virchow Triad of DVT
endothelial damage, venous stasis, hypercoaguable states
Pharmacological treatment of congestive heart failure
diuretics (furosemide), ACE inhibitor, beta blocker (if stable)
Cor Pulmonale
Right-sided heart enlargement, hypertrophy, or failure caused by primary lung disease (usually COPD)
Most common cause of right-sided heart failure
Left-sided heart failure
