100 Top Secrets

Question 1

1 cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in US

Answer 1

Smoking

Question 2

2 cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in US

Answer 2

Alcohol

Question 3

1 cause of preventable mental retardation

Answer 3

Alcohol (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

Question 4

AST:ALT ≥ 2:1

Answer 4

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Question 5

Vitamin lost during tx with isoniazid

Answer 5

vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 6

Most common cause of anemia

Answer 6

Iron deficiency

Question 7

Iron deficiency in women

Answer 7

Menstrual loss

Question 8

Iron deficiency in men

Answer 8

Think cancer

Question 9

Complications of Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Stroke, Gangrene

Question 10

Leading cause of blindness

Answer 10

Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 11

Leading cause of end-stage renal failure

Answer 11

Diabetic Nephropathy

Question 12

Leading cause of limb amputation

Answer 12

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 13

Signs and Symptoms of Hypertensive Emergency

Answer 13

HA, dizziness, blurry vision, papilledema, cerebral edema, altered mental status, seizures, intracerebral hemorrhage (basal ganglia), renal failure/azotemia, angina, MI and/or Heart Failure

Question 14

Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight loss, cessation of alcohol/tobacco use) may be able to treat the following disorders without the use of medications

Answer 14

HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes, GERD, insomnia, obesity, and sleep apnea

Question 15

Exogenous causes of hyponatremia

Answer 15

oxytocin, surgery, narcotics, inappropriate IV fluid, diuretics, and antiepileptic medications

Question 16

Electrolyte disturbance causing Tall, tented T waves on EKG

Answer 16

hyperkalemia

Question 17

Electrolyte disturbance causing Loss of T waves/T-wave flattening and U waves on EKG

Answer 17

hypokalemia

Question 18

Electrolyte duisturbance causing QT prolongation on EKG

Answer 18

Hypocalcemia

Question 19

Electrolyte disturbance causing QtT shortening

Answer 19

Hypercalcemia

Question 20

What to do when a patient is in shock

Answer 20

1st give patient oxygen, start and IV line, monitor pulse ox, ECG and vital signs
Then give fluid bolus (1L normal saline or lactated ringer) if no signs of CHF

Question 21

Bibasilar Rales

Answer 21

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 22

Virchow Triad of DVT

Answer 22

endothelial damage, venous stasis, hypercoaguable states

Question 23

Pharmacological treatment of congestive heart failure

Answer 23

diuretics (furosemide), ACE inhibitor, beta blocker (if stable)

Question 24

Cor Pulmonale

Answer 24

Right-sided heart enlargement, hypertrophy, or failure caused by primary lung disease (usually COPD)

Question 25

Most common cause of right-sided heart failure

Answer 25

Left-sided heart failure