100 Top Secrets (3) Flashcards
Primary cause of Bitemporal Hemianopsia
space occupying lesion like a pituitary tumor (order a CT of MRI)
Risks and S/E of estrogen therapy
Endometrial Cancer, hepatic adenomas, DM, dvt, Stroke, Cholelithiasis, HTN, endometrial bleeding, depression, wt gain, n/v, HA, aggravation of fibroids, breast fibroadenomas, migraines and epilepsy
ABCDE of mole for malignancy
Asymmetry, Borders, Color (change or multi), diameter (>6mm), evolving or elevated
Do excisional bx or if a mole starts to itch or bleed
Child’s age for bronchiolitis
0-18months
Child’s age for croup (acute laryngotracheitis)
1-2y/o
Child’s age for epiglottitis
2-5y/o
Common causes of Bronchiolitis
RSV for 75%, parainfluenza, influenza
Common causes of Croup or Acute Laryngotracheitis
Parainfluenza for 50-75%, influenza
Common causes of Epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae, Staph, Strep
X-ray findings of Bronchiolitis
hyperinflation
X-ray findings of Croup (acute laryngotracheitis)
subglottic tracheal narrowing on frontal X-ray (STEEPLE SIGN)
X-ray findings of Epiglottitis
swollen epiglottis on lateral neck x-ray (THUMB SIGN)
infant comes in with URI symptoms followed by tachypnea and expiratory wheezing
Bronchiolitis
Infant comes in with URI symptoms followed by a barking cough, hoarseness and inspiratory stidor
Croup (acute laryngotracheitis)
Child comes in with high fever, toxicity, drooling, and respiratory distress
Epiglottitis
Tx for bronchiolitis in infants
humidifies oxygen, bronchodilators?, ribavirin is severe or high risk RSV infection
Tx for Croup (acute laryngotracheitis)
dexamethasone, nebulized epinephrine, humidified oxygen
Tx for epiglottitis
est airway, 3rd generation cephalosporin, vancomycin, clindamycin
Sequelae of Streptococcal infection
rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (only 1st 2 can be prevents with antibiotics)
Diagnostic tests for MS
MRI; lumbar puncture (increased IgG oligoclonal bands and myelin basic protein levels, mild elevated lymphocytes and protein)
Tx for opioid overdose
naloxone
Tx for thiamine deficiency
thiamine first, then glucose if the patient is an alcoholic
Onset fo delirium
acute and dramatic
Onset of dementia
Chronic and insidious
Common causes of Delirium
illness, toxin, withdrawal
Common causes of Dementia
Alzheimer, multiinfarct dementia, HIV/AIDS
Arousal level in delirium
Flucatuates
Arousal level in Dementia
Normal
Tx of Anaphylaxis
IV or SQ Epinephrine
