10 - urban management and challenges of continuity/change Flashcards
how does the welsh government define reimaging and regeneration
REIMAGING/ REGENERATION - ‘an integrated set of activities that seek to reverse economic, social, environmental and physical decline to achieve lasting improvement, in areas where market forces will not do this alone without some support from government”
what changes perceptions in a modernising society
social networks/technology transforms settlements from being physical places with connections to places where data, information and knowledge is exchanged
= UBIQUITOUS COMMONS
what is boosterism
reimaging/rebranding is called boosterism sometimes
chicago once known as ‘gem of prairies’ before attracting negative publicity
what is an example of culture led regeneration
glasgow (1990), liverpool (2008) and londonderry (2013) all been CITY OF CULTURE
this helps urban area rebrand itself
what is an example of local authority rebranding
in 2013, 137 business improvement districts in urban areas
example = newcastle NE1 BID
what is innovation birmingham
based on aston university science park
to accelerate investment and growth of digital companies in city
image of industrial heritage changing as a result of incubator and accelerator programmes
what has been launched by welsh government
they have funded the Vibrant and Viable Places Fun to regenerate urban areas and tackle poverty helping to improve welsh towns and cities images
what can provide incentive for regeneration
Great British High Street Awards aims to recognise and reward towns who positively change their image and appearance
Banbury was nominated in 2016
what is happening to Kings Cross St Pancras
area around the stations undergoing 27 hectare private redevelopment changing urban area image by:
TIME - industrial and transport to mixed use
PLACE - layered history to area
IDENTITY - experiences of place change
GLOBALISATION - google and international rail links
what are some ongoing challenges in urban places
in 2014, Hall identified 5 x 21st century challenges:
1) rebalance urban economies
2) building new homes
3) linking people and places
4) living with finite resources
5) fixing broken machinery
he also embraced new economies successes whilst others are left behind
what are the city typologies
The Jones LaSalle index and Centre for Cities research demonstrates which cities are doing well and growing and which arent
those struggling have very strong correlation with areas which lack rebranding/regeneration
what is overheating
defined as ‘ an area where increased demand (such as for housing and office space) results in rising prices rather than increased output.’
London being classical example of this
what are the london housing, transport and diversity issues
- 2000 new people arrive every 8 days resulting in 12% of all londoners living in cramped conditions
- london needs 42,000 new homes a year and prices rise by 10% per year
- the network is under strain and pressure to expand airport capacity and improvement was seen with congestion charge but still overcrowded
- just 6% of executive and board positions in London taken by women in 2015
- ethnic, gender and nationality issues persisting with london housing some most deprived areas in UK
why have UK cities seen segregation
- ethnicity
- class
- life cycle
- language
- religion
factors causing segregation
- gentrification
- threat hypothesis some places perceived as dangerous
- government policies (refuge communities and past policies marginalised poorer members of community)
potential solutions to segregation
1) policies tackling poverty as society becomes more affluent
2) planning policies including mix of new housing including social and starter homes on new estates
3) ‘contact hypothesis’ states areas with greater ethnic diversity experience lower ethnic aminosity
4) laws to stop discrimination in rental market
5) benefits policies designed to reduce inequality
how has newcastle changed
NEWCASTLE NE1 BID :
- launched in 2010 costing £2.5m over five years
- resulted in 9.7m additional visitors, 1400 businesses attracted and £591m return
- 300+ initial jobs created
- shops opening past business day ‘alive after five’
what is the impact of reimaging on an individual
- loss of traditional sense of place
- encourages gentrification and resultant increase in house prices and service changes
- breakup of working class communities
- easier access
- creates pleasant environment EQI increases
what is impact of reimaging on a business
- some businesses out competed by new services/businesses
- customer increase often with more money, positive multiplier
- easier access
- impacted services
what are some problems of growth for birmingham
- growth placed strain on transport infrastructure, overloaded roads/railways
- high skilled jobs gone to commuters from other parts of West Mids
- in rates of unemployment in inner city areas and uneven distribution of benefits from regeneration
- thriving CBD whilst inner city zone has inadequate housing, poor services and poverty leading to polarisation
who loses out from urban growth in birmingham
- bham ranked 16th out of 354 in most deprived areas in England
- high levels of deprivation in inner city areas and urban fringe - location of social housing
- 30% of population from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Africa and Caribbean and live in deprived areas, DEPRIVATION linked to ETHNICITY
how has history influenced problems existing now in birmingham
- inner city housing built in booming 19th century (small terraces, basic water/sewage)
- no compulsory education so fewer schools in area
- by end of 1945 inner city very run down, more affluent moving to suburbs
how may riots shift perceptions
LONDON RIOTS 2011:
- In August 2011, four nights of destruction involving 15,000 rioters, mainly concentrated in London
but also occurring elsewhere,
resulted in five people dead, over 2,000 arrests and £500 million of damage to property, both modern
and irreplaceable Victorian.
- The Financial Times estimated that
48,000 local businesses suffered financially
environmental issues in urban areas
- air quality
- water pollution (80% of the pollution of Delhi’s Yamuna River’s is the result of raw sewage - india)
- pollution on land
