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ECU Voice Disorders > 10 - Organic Voice Disorders > Flashcards

10 - Organic Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are Organic Voice Disorders?

A

When there’s something wrong with the anatomy and/or structure of larynx

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2
Q

What are Functional Voice Disorders?

A

The anatomy is fine but, there something wrong with the physiology

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3
Q

What are Neurogenic Voice Disorders?

A

When there is neurological damage and/or brain injury

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4
Q

What are Vocal Nodules?

2

A

Bilateral VF masses

Sort of like callouses

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5
Q

What causes Vocal Nodules?

A

Phonotrauma

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6
Q

What are symptoms of Vocal Nodules?

3

A

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

Reduced loudness.

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7
Q

How do we treat Vocal Nodules?

3

A

Voice rest

Voice Hygiene

Sometimes surgery.

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8
Q

Where are Vocal Nodules usually located on the VFs?

A

Between anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rd

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9
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disorder

stays in esophagus

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10
Q

What is LPR?

A

Laryngo-Pharyngeal Reflux

acids enter airway

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11
Q

How will vocal nodules affect Maximum Phonation Duration?

A

It will be reduced

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12
Q

How will vocal nodules affect respiration?

2

A

Intake will remain the same

Outtake will be shortened due to laryngeal valving

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13
Q

What do Acute Nodules look like?

How severe are they?

A

Gelatinous

Less severe - nodules in initial stage

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14
Q

What do Chronic Nodules look like? (2)

How severe are they?

A

Callous-like or fibrosis

Rest of glottis will probably be inflammed

More severe - long-time nodules

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15
Q

What are Vocal Polyps?

2

A

Unilateral masses

Have a blood supply

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16
Q

What causes Vocal Polyps?

A

Phonotrauma

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Vocal Polyps?

3

A

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

Reduced loudness

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18
Q

How to we treat Vocal Polyps?

A

Surgery

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19
Q

What are Sessile Vocal Polyps?

2

A

Fully attached to vocal fold edge

Blister-like

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20
Q

What are Pedunculate Vocal Polyps?

A

Attached by small stalk or stem

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21
Q

What is Laryngitis?

A

Inflammation of the larynx.

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22
Q

What causes Laryngitis?

4

A

Sometimes infections (colds, flu, etc.)

Acid reflux (GERD or LPR)

Phonotrauma

Irritation, such as from allergies or smoke.

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of Laryngitis?

3

A

Fever

Hoarseness

Cough.

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24
Q

How to we treat Laryngitis?

3

A

Treatment of primary cause (infection, reflux, irritant, etc.)

Vocal rest and hygeine

Self-resolves in a week

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25
What is Reinke’s Edema? | 2
Edematous (edema of) Reinke’s space Thick, gelatinous material accumulates in the superficial layer of the lamina propria (Reinke’s Space)
26
What area of the vocal folds is affected by Reinke’s Edema?
Superficial layer of the lamina propria
27
What causes Reinke’s Edema? | 2
Smoking - usually Phonotrauma - less common
28
What are the symptoms of Reinke’s Edema? | 5
Hoarseness Poor mucosal wave Reduced pitch Dyspnea (breathlessness) Corresponding acoustic measures impaired (vibrations asymmetric and aperiodic)
29
How do we treat Reinke’s Edema? | 3
Quit (or reduce) smoking Vocal hygiene Surgery (can reoccur if causal factors not eliminated)
30
What is a Laryngeal Cyst? | 3
VF Mass surrounded by a membrane Membrane holds a collection of material - usually mucus No blood supply
31
What are the symptoms of Laryngeal Cyst? | 3
Hoarseness Reduced pitch Impaired mucosal wave.
32
On what part of the VFs are Laryngeal Cysts located? | 2
Underneath the mucosa Within the superficial lamina propria.
33
What differentiates a cyst from a polyp?
Polyps have a blood supply
34
How do we treat cysts? | 3
Surgery Vocal hygiene Vocal rest
35
What are Granuloma (Intubation Granuloma)? | 2
Growth covering contact ulcer area | Incubation = Growth over irritations due to intubation tubes
36
What are the symptoms of Granuloma? | 3
Breathiness Hoarseness Reduced pitch (Sometimes, phonation not affected)
37
Where are Granuloma located? | 2
Posterior sides of the vocal processes Mucosa of the vocal processes.
38
How do we treat Granuloma? | 2
Treating the root cause (acid reflux, phonotrauma, etc.) Surgery if it does not go away
39
What are Contact Ulcers? | 2
Reflux related lesions in the posterior parts of the VF. Raw sores
40
What causes Contact Ulcers?
Laryngo-pharyngeal reflux.
41
What are the symptoms of Contact Ulcers? | 4
Hoarseness Breathiness Reduced pitch Occasionally reduced loudness.
42
How do we treat Contact Ulcers? | 3
Steroid injections Treat reflux (Medication, lifestyle management) Can self-correct
43
What is Vocal Papilloma? Where can it be located?
A viral infection that causes mass (benign tumor) In supraglottal, glottal and subglottal regions.
44
What causes Vocal Papilloma?
Human papilloma virus (6 and 11)
45
What are the symptoms of Vocal Papilloma? | 3
Hoarseness Reduced pitch Respiratory difficulties
46
How do we treat Vocal Papilloma?
Surgical excision is required.
47
What is Candida?
Yeast infection | this yeast is normally found in the body
48
What are the physical symptoms of Candida? | 3
White, peppered spots Edema Erythema (reddening of skin)
49
What causes Candida? | 1+3
Weakened immune system caused by... - Medications/antibiotics - General illness - Chemotherapy
50
What are the voice symptoms of Candida? (3) How sever are these symptoms?
Pressed Voice Hoarseness Breathiness Minimal-Moderate voice changes
51
What are the laryngeal symptoms of Candida? | 2
Irregular vocal edges VF stiffness
52
How do we treat Candida?
Antifungal medicine
53
What is Laryngeal Webbing?
Webbing of the glottal region
54
What are the types of Laryngeal Webbing? | 2
Congenital Acquired (due to irritation of the mucosal surfaces)
55
What are the main physical symptoms of Laryngeal Webbing? | 3
Respiratory difficulties Shortness of breath. Stridor (audible inhalation) may be apparant
56
What are the main vocal symptoms of Laryngeal Webbing?
Voice is harsh and high-pitched.
57
How do we treat Laryngeal Webbing? What is the biggest potential danger with Laryngeal Webbing?
Surgery Blockage of the airways
58
What percentage of Laryngeal Webbing is congenital? How is it caused?
75% of all laryngeal we Failure of the VF to separate during the 4-10th week in utereo
59
What percentage of Laryngeal Webbing is acquired? How is it caused?
25% Trauma usually from intubation or surgery complications
60
Where are Laryngeal Webs located? Which is more common?
Can be either anterior or posterior Anterior
61
What is Subglottal Stenosis?
A narrowing of the airway
62
What is the biggest danger in Subglottal Stenosis?
The inability to breath
63
What is Congenital Subglottal Stenosis? How common is it?
Malformed cricoid cartilage (too small) 3rd most common congenital disorder
64
What is Acquired Subglottal Stenosis?
Caused by intubation or a tracheotomy
65
What is Idiopathic Subglottal Stenosis? Who is it more common in?
Unknown cause Middle aged women (25-50 yrs)
66
How do we treat Subglottal Stenosis? How successful is it?
Surgery It often reoccurs
67
What is Presbylarynges? | 2
Voice disorder of the elderly Characterized by sarcopenia (loss of muscle tissue due to aging)
68
What is Sarcopenia?
Thinning of muscles
69
What happens in Presbylarynges? | 2
Superficial layer of the VF thins Collagen in the VF becomes more dense
70
What is Sulcus Vocalis? | 3
Groove or furrow in the VF Usually bilaterally symmetrical. Furrow may penetrate deep into the vocal ligament.
71
What causes Sulcus Vocalis? | 2
Unknown. Speculated to be LPR or vocal abuse.
72
What are the vocal symptoms of Sulcus Vocalis? | 3
Hoarseness Weakness Increased effort
73
How do we treat Sulcus Vocalis?
Surgery Sometimes injection of fluid
74
What is Varix?
Enlarged superficial, prominent vien in the VF
75
What is Ectasia?
Fused lesioning of a blood vessel in the VF
76
In what layer of the VF does Varix and/or Ectasia occur?
Superficial layer of lamina propria
77
What is Intubation Trauma? | 3
Intubation = inserting a breathing tube into the trachea Tube can irritate the oral and pharyngeal cavities Granulomas can form over the site of irritation
78
What is Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?
Rough, hoarse voice from stiffness of the VF
79
What qualities are affected with Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)? (1+2)
All qualities - Harshness - Reduced pitch
80
What is seen physically in Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?
White masses
81
How do we diagnosis Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?
Biopsy

ECU Voice Disorders (23 decks)

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