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ECU Voice Disorders > 10 - Organic Voice Disorders > Flashcards

10 - Organic Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are Organic Voice Disorders?

A

When there’s something wrong with the anatomy and/or structure of larynx

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2
Q

What are Functional Voice Disorders?

A

The anatomy is fine but, there something wrong with the physiology

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3
Q

What are Neurogenic Voice Disorders?

A

When there is neurological damage and/or brain injury

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4
Q

What are Vocal Nodules?

2

A

Bilateral VF masses

Sort of like callouses

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5
Q

What causes Vocal Nodules?

A

Phonotrauma

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6
Q

What are symptoms of Vocal Nodules?

3

A

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

Reduced loudness.

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7
Q

How do we treat Vocal Nodules?

3

A

Voice rest

Voice Hygiene

Sometimes surgery.

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8
Q

Where are Vocal Nodules usually located on the VFs?

A

Between anterior 1/3rd and posterior 2/3rd

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9
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disorder

stays in esophagus

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10
Q

What is LPR?

A

Laryngo-Pharyngeal Reflux

acids enter airway

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11
Q

How will vocal nodules affect Maximum Phonation Duration?

A

It will be reduced

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12
Q

How will vocal nodules affect respiration?

2

A

Intake will remain the same

Outtake will be shortened due to laryngeal valving

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13
Q

What do Acute Nodules look like?

How severe are they?

A

Gelatinous

Less severe - nodules in initial stage

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14
Q

What do Chronic Nodules look like? (2)

How severe are they?

A

Callous-like or fibrosis

Rest of glottis will probably be inflammed

More severe - long-time nodules

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15
Q

What are Vocal Polyps?

2

A

Unilateral masses

Have a blood supply

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16
Q

What causes Vocal Polyps?

A

Phonotrauma

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Vocal Polyps?

3

A

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

Reduced loudness

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18
Q

How to we treat Vocal Polyps?

A

Surgery

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19
Q

What are Sessile Vocal Polyps?

2

A

Fully attached to vocal fold edge

Blister-like

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20
Q

What are Pedunculate Vocal Polyps?

A

Attached by small stalk or stem

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21
Q

What is Laryngitis?

A

Inflammation of the larynx.

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22
Q

What causes Laryngitis?

4

A

Sometimes infections (colds, flu, etc.)

Acid reflux (GERD or LPR)

Phonotrauma

Irritation, such as from allergies or smoke.

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of Laryngitis?

3

A

Fever

Hoarseness

Cough.

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24
Q

How to we treat Laryngitis?

3

A

Treatment of primary cause (infection, reflux, irritant, etc.)

Vocal rest and hygeine

Self-resolves in a week

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25
Q

What is Reinke’s Edema?

2

A

Edematous (edema of) Reinke’s space

Thick, gelatinous material accumulates in the superficial layer of the lamina propria (Reinke’s Space)

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26
Q

What area of the vocal folds is affected by Reinke’s Edema?

A

Superficial layer of the lamina propria

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27
Q

What causes Reinke’s Edema?

2

A

Smoking - usually

Phonotrauma - less common

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28
Q

What are the symptoms of Reinke’s Edema?

5

A

Hoarseness

Poor mucosal wave

Reduced pitch

Dyspnea (breathlessness)

Corresponding acoustic measures impaired (vibrations asymmetric and aperiodic)

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29
Q

How do we treat Reinke’s Edema?

3

A

Quit (or reduce) smoking

Vocal hygiene

Surgery (can reoccur if causal factors not eliminated)

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30
Q

What is a Laryngeal Cyst?

3

A

VF Mass surrounded by a membrane

Membrane holds a collection of material - usually mucus

No blood supply

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31
Q

What are the symptoms of Laryngeal Cyst?

3

A

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

Impaired mucosal wave.

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32
Q

On what part of the VFs are Laryngeal Cysts located?

2

A

Underneath the mucosa

Within the superficial lamina propria.

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33
Q

What differentiates a cyst from a polyp?

A

Polyps have a blood supply

34
Q

How do we treat cysts?

3

A

Surgery

Vocal hygiene

Vocal rest

35
Q

What are Granuloma (Intubation Granuloma)?

2

A

Growth covering contact ulcer area

Incubation = Growth over irritations due to intubation tubes

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Granuloma?

3

A

Breathiness

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

(Sometimes, phonation not affected)

37
Q

Where are Granuloma located?

2

A

Posterior sides of the vocal processes

Mucosa of the vocal processes.

38
Q

How do we treat Granuloma?

2

A

Treating the root cause (acid reflux, phonotrauma, etc.)

Surgery if it does not go away

39
Q

What are Contact Ulcers?

2

A

Reflux related lesions in the posterior parts of the VF.

Raw sores

40
Q

What causes Contact Ulcers?

A

Laryngo-pharyngeal reflux.

41
Q

What are the symptoms of Contact Ulcers?

4

A

Hoarseness

Breathiness

Reduced pitch

Occasionally reduced loudness.

42
Q

How do we treat Contact Ulcers?

3

A

Steroid injections

Treat reflux (Medication, lifestyle management)

Can self-correct

43
Q

What is Vocal Papilloma?

Where can it be located?

A

A viral infection that causes mass (benign tumor)

In supraglottal, glottal and subglottal regions.

44
Q

What causes Vocal Papilloma?

A

Human papilloma virus (6 and 11)

45
Q

What are the symptoms of Vocal Papilloma?

3

A

Hoarseness

Reduced pitch

Respiratory difficulties

46
Q

How do we treat Vocal Papilloma?

A

Surgical excision is required.

47
Q

What is Candida?

A

Yeast infection

this yeast is normally found in the body

48
Q

What are the physical symptoms of Candida?

3

A

White, peppered spots

Edema

Erythema (reddening of skin)

49
Q

What causes Candida?

1+3

A

Weakened immune system caused by…

  • Medications/antibiotics
  • General illness
  • Chemotherapy
50
Q

What are the voice symptoms of Candida? (3)

How sever are these symptoms?

A

Pressed Voice

Hoarseness

Breathiness

Minimal-Moderate voice changes

51
Q

What are the laryngeal symptoms of Candida?

2

A

Irregular vocal edges

VF stiffness

52
Q

How do we treat Candida?

A

Antifungal medicine

53
Q

What is Laryngeal Webbing?

A

Webbing of the glottal region

54
Q

What are the types of Laryngeal Webbing?

2

A

Congenital

Acquired (due to irritation of the mucosal surfaces)

55
Q

What are the main physical symptoms of Laryngeal Webbing?

3

A

Respiratory difficulties

Shortness of breath.

Stridor (audible inhalation) may be apparant

56
Q

What are the main vocal symptoms of Laryngeal Webbing?

A

Voice is harsh and high-pitched.

57
Q

How do we treat Laryngeal Webbing?

What is the biggest potential danger with Laryngeal Webbing?

A

Surgery

Blockage of the airways

58
Q

What percentage of Laryngeal Webbing is congenital?

How is it caused?

A

75% of all laryngeal we

Failure of the VF to separate during the 4-10th week in utereo

59
Q

What percentage of Laryngeal Webbing is acquired?

How is it caused?

A

25%

Trauma usually from intubation or surgery complications

60
Q

Where are Laryngeal Webs located?

Which is more common?

A

Can be either anterior or posterior

Anterior

61
Q

What is Subglottal Stenosis?

A

A narrowing of the airway

62
Q

What is the biggest danger in Subglottal Stenosis?

A

The inability to breath

63
Q

What is Congenital Subglottal Stenosis?

How common is it?

A

Malformed cricoid cartilage (too small)

3rd most common congenital disorder

64
Q

What is Acquired Subglottal Stenosis?

A

Caused by intubation or a tracheotomy

65
Q

What is Idiopathic Subglottal Stenosis?

Who is it more common in?

A

Unknown cause

Middle aged women (25-50 yrs)

66
Q

How do we treat Subglottal Stenosis?

How successful is it?

A

Surgery

It often reoccurs

67
Q

What is Presbylarynges?

2

A

Voice disorder of the elderly

Characterized by sarcopenia (loss of muscle tissue due to aging)

68
Q

What is Sarcopenia?

A

Thinning of muscles

69
Q

What happens in Presbylarynges?

2

A

Superficial layer of the VF thins

Collagen in the VF becomes more dense

70
Q

What is Sulcus Vocalis?

3

A

Groove or furrow in the VF

Usually bilaterally symmetrical.

Furrow may penetrate deep into the vocal ligament.

71
Q

What causes Sulcus Vocalis?

2

A

Unknown.

Speculated to be LPR or vocal abuse.

72
Q

What are the vocal symptoms of Sulcus Vocalis?

3

A

Hoarseness

Weakness

Increased effort

73
Q

How do we treat Sulcus Vocalis?

A

Surgery

Sometimes injection of fluid

74
Q

What is Varix?

A

Enlarged superficial, prominent vien in the VF

75
Q

What is Ectasia?

A

Fused lesioning of a blood vessel in the VF

76
Q

In what layer of the VF does Varix and/or Ectasia occur?

A

Superficial layer of lamina propria

77
Q

What is Intubation Trauma?

3

A

Intubation = inserting a breathing tube into the trachea

Tube can irritate the oral and pharyngeal cavities

Granulomas can form over the site of irritation

78
Q

What is Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?

A

Rough, hoarse voice from stiffness of the VF

79
Q

What qualities are affected with Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?

(1+2)

A

All qualities

  • Harshness
  • Reduced pitch
80
Q

What is seen physically in Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?

A

White masses

81
Q

How do we diagnosis Leukoplakia (Hyperkeratosis)?

A

Biopsy

ECU Voice Disorders (23 decks)

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