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ecu voice disorders > 02 - Anatomy & Physiology - Respiratory System > Flashcards

02 - Anatomy & Physiology - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Study of structures

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of how the structures function

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3
Q

What are the three most basic elements of the respiratory system?

A

Lungs

Ribcage

Diaphragm

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4
Q

What are the two basic characteristics of the lungs?

A

Made of Elastic Tissue

It inflates and deflates to move air

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5
Q

How many lobes are in the lungs?

Why is there a difference?

A

3 on the right lung

2 on the left

The heart is on the left

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6
Q

What happens when the diaphragm moves DOWN?

3

A

The lungs expand

Air pressure lowers

Air flows in

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7
Q

What happens when the diaphragm moves UP?

3

A

Lung volume decreases

Air pressure increases

Air flows outward

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8
Q

What is the Trachea?

What is its purpose?

A

A cartilaginous structure made of 16 rings

Allows air to pass from the nose/mouth into the lungs

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9
Q

On what ring of the trachea does the larynx sit?

A

Upper most ring

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10
Q

What are the Bronchi?

3

A

The two main branches leaving the trachea

One goes to each lunch

These branch into the secondary bronchi

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11
Q

What are the Bronchioles?

Where do they come from?

A

The smallest branches of the lungs

They stem from the secondary bronchi

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12
Q

What are the Alveoli?

A

The small sacks at the end of the bronchioles where the gas exchange occurs (O₂ -> CO₂)

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13
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Which are the floating ribs?

A

12 pairs

11 + 12

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14
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

2

A

The major muscle of inspiration

Dome shaped position

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15
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

What does this do?

A

It moves downward and flattens

Enlarges the chest cavity

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16
Q

What happens (ignoring the lungs) when the diaphragm moves downward?

A

The force is transferred to the lower ribs and moves then outward

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17
Q

What are the muscles of INSPIRATION?

2

A

External Intercostals

Diaphragm

18
Q

What do the EXTERNAL Intercostals do?

A

Pull rib cage up and outward during inspiration

19
Q

How are the EXTERNAL Intercostals positioned?

A

Downward and anteriorly

20
Q

What do the INTERNAL Intercostals do?

A

Pull rib cage down during forced expiration

21
Q

How are the INTERNAL Intercostals positioned?

A

Upward and anteriorly

22
Q

Is the Abdominal Wall passive or active?

A

Both

23
Q

What might cause the abdominal wall muscles contract?

A

Coughing

Sneezing

Voicing

24
Q

What kind of membrane lines the lungs and the thoracic cavity?

What is it called?

A

A serous membrane

Pleura

25
Q

What is the membrane called that covers the lungs?

A

Visceral Pleura

26
Q

What is the membrane that covers the inside of the thoracic wall?

A

Parietal Pleura

27
Q

What drives the movement of air in the lungs?

A

The pressue difference between alveolar pressure and atmospheric pressure

28
Q

What sort of pressure is needed for INSPIRATION?

A

Alveolar pressure must be LOWER than atmospheric pressure

29
Q

What sort of pressure is needed for EXPIRATION?

A

Alveolar pressure must be GREATER than atmospheric pressure

30
Q

What creates the PASSIVE force of the respiratory system?

2

A

The elastic properties of the lungs

The lungs are always trying to contract (become smaller)

31
Q

What creates the ACTIVE force of the respiratory system?

A

The contraction of the respiratory muscles

32
Q

Is INSPIRATION active or passive?

What does it require?

A

Active

The contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostals

33
Q

Is EXPIRATION active or passive?

What does it require?

A

Either

If it is active - contraction of the internal intercostals

34
Q

What is the Tidal Volume?

A

The air that is moved during normal breathing

35
Q

What is INSPIRATORY Reserve Volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled beyond that of the TV

36
Q

What is the EXPIRATORY Reserve Volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond that of the TV

37
Q

What is the Residual Volume?

A

The amount of air that is left in the lungs after maximum exhalation

38
Q

What is the Inspiratory Capacity?

A

Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume

All you can forcibly INHALE

39
Q

What is the Functional Residual Capacity?

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

All you can forcibly EXHALE

40
Q

What is the Vital Capacity?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume

(Everything except Residual Volume)

41
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

(Everything)

ecu voice disorders (23 decks)

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