02 - Anatomy & Physiology - Respiratory System Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
Study of structures
What is Physiology?
The study of how the structures function
What are the three most basic elements of the respiratory system?
Lungs
Ribcage
Diaphragm
What are the two basic characteristics of the lungs?
Made of Elastic Tissue
It inflates and deflates to move air
How many lobes are in the lungs?
Why is there a difference?
3 on the right lung
2 on the left
The heart is on the left
What happens when the diaphragm moves DOWN?
3
The lungs expand
Air pressure lowers
Air flows in
What happens when the diaphragm moves UP?
3
Lung volume decreases
Air pressure increases
Air flows outward
What is the Trachea?
What is its purpose?
A cartilaginous structure made of 16 rings
Allows air to pass from the nose/mouth into the lungs
On what ring of the trachea does the larynx sit?
Upper most ring
What are the Bronchi?
3
The two main branches leaving the trachea
One goes to each lunch
These branch into the secondary bronchi
What are the Bronchioles?
Where do they come from?
The smallest branches of the lungs
They stem from the secondary bronchi
What are the Alveoli?
The small sacks at the end of the bronchioles where the gas exchange occurs (O₂ -> CO₂)
How many pairs of ribs are there?
Which are the floating ribs?
12 pairs
11 + 12
What is the Diaphragm?
2
The major muscle of inspiration
Dome shaped position
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
What does this do?
It moves downward and flattens
Enlarges the chest cavity
What happens (ignoring the lungs) when the diaphragm moves downward?
The force is transferred to the lower ribs and moves then outward