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ECU Voice Disorders > 02 - Anatomy & Physiology - Respiratory System > Flashcards

02 - Anatomy & Physiology - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Study of structures

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of how the structures function

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3
Q

What are the three most basic elements of the respiratory system?

A

Lungs

Ribcage

Diaphragm

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4
Q

What are the two basic characteristics of the lungs?

A

Made of Elastic Tissue

It inflates and deflates to move air

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5
Q

How many lobes are in the lungs?

Why is there a difference?

A

3 on the right lung

2 on the left

The heart is on the left

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6
Q

What happens when the diaphragm moves DOWN?

3

A

The lungs expand

Air pressure lowers

Air flows in

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7
Q

What happens when the diaphragm moves UP?

3

A

Lung volume decreases

Air pressure increases

Air flows outward

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8
Q

What is the Trachea?

What is its purpose?

A

A cartilaginous structure made of 16 rings

Allows air to pass from the nose/mouth into the lungs

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9
Q

On what ring of the trachea does the larynx sit?

A

Upper most ring

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10
Q

What are the Bronchi?

3

A

The two main branches leaving the trachea

One goes to each lunch

These branch into the secondary bronchi

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11
Q

What are the Bronchioles?

Where do they come from?

A

The smallest branches of the lungs

They stem from the secondary bronchi

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12
Q

What are the Alveoli?

A

The small sacks at the end of the bronchioles where the gas exchange occurs (O₂ -> CO₂)

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13
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Which are the floating ribs?

A

12 pairs

11 + 12

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14
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

2

A

The major muscle of inspiration

Dome shaped position

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15
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

What does this do?

A

It moves downward and flattens

Enlarges the chest cavity

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16
Q

What happens (ignoring the lungs) when the diaphragm moves downward?

A

The force is transferred to the lower ribs and moves then outward

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17
Q

What are the muscles of INSPIRATION?

2

A

External Intercostals

Diaphragm

18
Q

What do the EXTERNAL Intercostals do?

A

Pull rib cage up and outward during inspiration

19
Q

How are the EXTERNAL Intercostals positioned?

A

Downward and anteriorly

20
Q

What do the INTERNAL Intercostals do?

A

Pull rib cage down during forced expiration

21
Q

How are the INTERNAL Intercostals positioned?

A

Upward and anteriorly

22
Q

Is the Abdominal Wall passive or active?

23
Q

What might cause the abdominal wall muscles contract?

A

Coughing

Sneezing

Voicing

24
Q

What kind of membrane lines the lungs and the thoracic cavity?

What is it called?

A

A serous membrane

Pleura

25
What is the membrane called that covers the lungs?
Visceral Pleura
26
What is the membrane that covers the inside of the thoracic wall?
Parietal Pleura
27
What drives the movement of air in the lungs?
The pressue difference between alveolar pressure and atmospheric pressure
28
What sort of pressure is needed for INSPIRATION?
Alveolar pressure must be LOWER than atmospheric pressure
29
What sort of pressure is needed for EXPIRATION?
Alveolar pressure must be GREATER than atmospheric pressure
30
What creates the PASSIVE force of the respiratory system? | 2
The elastic properties of the lungs The lungs are always trying to contract (become smaller)
31
What creates the ACTIVE force of the respiratory system?
The contraction of the respiratory muscles
32
Is INSPIRATION active or passive? What does it require?
Active The contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostals
33
Is EXPIRATION active or passive? What does it require?
Either If it is active - contraction of the internal intercostals
34
What is the Tidal Volume?
The air that is moved during normal breathing
35
What is INSPIRATORY Reserve Volume?
The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled beyond that of the TV
36
What is the EXPIRATORY Reserve Volume?
The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond that of the TV
37
What is the Residual Volume?
The amount of air that is left in the lungs after maximum exhalation
38
What is the Inspiratory Capacity?
Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume | All you can forcibly INHALE
39
What is the Functional Residual Capacity?
Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume | All you can forcibly EXHALE
40
What is the Vital Capacity?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume (Everything except Residual Volume)
41
What is Total Lung Capacity?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume (Everything)

ECU Voice Disorders (23 decks)

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