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Gastrointestinal Week 1 2016/17 > 10: Anatomy - tasting, chewing and swallowing > Flashcards

10: Anatomy - tasting, chewing and swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve and division supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve - CN V3

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2
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial and lateral pterygoids

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3
Q

larp - rotation of left and right vagus nerves into plexus around oesophagus

A
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4
Q

Which muscles of mastication close the jaw?

A

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial pterygoid

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5
Q

Which muscle of mastication opens the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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6
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the temporalis?

A

Origin: CORONOID PROCESS of the mandible

Insertion: TEMPORAL FOSSA of the temporal bone

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter?

A

Origin: ANGLE of the mandible

Insertion: ZYGOMATIC ARCH

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Origin: CONDYLAR PROCESS of the mandible

Insertion: PTERYGOID PLATES of the sphenoid bone

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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

Origin: ANGLE of the mandible

Insertion: PTERYGOID PLATES of the sphenoid bone

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10
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to attach to the pons?

A

CN V - Trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

What is the third division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular division - CN V3

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12
Q

What does the mandibular division of the trigenimal nerve supply the mandible with?

A

Motor and sensory nerves

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13
Q

Which hole, in the middle cranial fossa, transmits CN V3?

Which bone is this hole found in?

A

Foramen ovale

Sphenoid bone

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14
Q

What is the superior projection of vertebrae C2 called?

A

Dens / Odontoid process

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15
Q

What is the proper name for the gums, found inferior to the lower dental arch?

A

Gingiva

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16
Q

The tongue is split into an ___ 2/3rds and a ___ 1/3rd.

A

anterior 2/3rds

posterior 1/3rd

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17
Q

The posterior of the tongue is (horizontal / vertical).

A

vertical

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18
Q

Which cranial nerve provides general sensation (not taste) for the anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

A

CN V3

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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19
Q

Which cranial nerve provides taste for the anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

A

CN VII

Facial nerve

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20
Q

Which cranial nerve provides general sensation and taste for the posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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21
Q

Which canal, just anterior to the jugular foramen, in the posterior cranial fossa, transmits the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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22
Q

Which hole is the termination of the facial canal and carries the facial nerve back into the cranial cavity?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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23
Q

CN VII (the facial nerve) supplies the muscles of facial expression. What is an example?

What else, GI-related, does the facial nerve supply?

A

Orbicularis oris (stops dribbling during eating)

Taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Salivary glands (sublingual / submandibular)

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24
Q

Which branch of CN VII connects it to CN V3 so it can travel to the mandible and supply the salivary glands found there?

A

Chorda tympani

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25
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the general sensation for the inferior part of the oral cavity?

A

CN V3

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

26
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the superior half of the oral cavity for general sensation?

A

CN V2

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

27
Q

What is the gag reflex?

A

Protective reflex which prevents foreign bodies (i.e stuff you don’t want to eat) from entering the larynx or pharynx

28
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the sensory fibres for the gag reflex?

A

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve

29
Q

Which cranial nerveS supply the motor fibres for the gag reflex?

A

CN IX, X

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Vagus nerve

30
Q

Why is anaesthetic required to perform endoscopy?

A

Insertion of endoscope into oral cavity would trigger gag reflex

Anaesthetic blocks cranial nerves responsible for gag reflex

31
Q

What is CN V2?

A

MAXILLARY division of the trigeminal nerve

32
Q

Name CN V2 and V3.

A

V2 - maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

V3 - mandibular division of “”

33
Q

Which hole in the sphenoid bone does CN V2 pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

34
Q

Which cranial nerve connects with the medulla and is involved in the sensory AND motor part of the gag reflex?

A

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve

35
Q

Which holes, found near the foramen magnum, does CN IX pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

36
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary glands found in the oral cavity?

A

Parotid glands

Submandibular glands

Sublingual glands

37
Q

Where does the parotid duct secrete saliva in the oral cavity?

A

Upper 2nd molars

38
Q

Which duct, found in the floor of the mouth, secretes saliva from the submandibular gland?

A

Lingual caruncle

39
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid glands?

A

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve

40
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

CN VII

Facial nerve

41
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the tongue muscles?

Which tongue muscle is the only exception?

A

CN XII - Hypoglossal nerve

Palatoglossus

42
Q

Most muscles of the tongue are supplied by the ___ nerve.

A

hypoglossal

CN XII

43
Q

Which type of voluntary muscles are found in the pharynx?

A

Constrictor muscles

44
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X

Vagus nerve

45
Q

What is a raphe?

A

Ridge of continuous tissue (basically a big line of connections)

46
Q

Which structure acts as the origin and insertion for the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

47
Q

Which muscles, found in the pharynx, constrict to shorten the pharynx and close the larynx during swallowing?

A

Longitudinal muscles

48
Q

Is the initiation of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

49
Q

After the initiation, is swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

All or nothing process

50
Q

What is the upper oesophageal sphincter also known as?

A

Cricopharyngeus muscle

51
Q

Do parasympathetics speed up peristalsis or slow it down?

A

Speed up peristalsis

52
Q

Do sympathetics speed up peristalsis or slow it down?

A

Slow down peristalsis

53
Q

At which vertebral level is the cricopharyngeus found?

54
Q

At which vertebral level does the oesophagus start?

A

C6

i.e the level of the cricopharyngeus

55
Q

Which heart chamber is the oesophagus in contact with?

A

Left atrium

56
Q

Why can left atrial hypertrophy cause dysphagia?

A

Left atrium is contact with oesophagus, hypertrophy causes compression

57
Q

Is the lower oesophageal sphincter an anatomical structure?

58
Q

Which muscle’s contraction forms the lower oesophageal sphincter?

59
Q

What may occur if the lower oesophageal sphincter fails?

A

Acid reflux

60
Q

What name is given to the abrupt change in the type of mucosa lining the oesophagus, just before the lower oesophageal sphincter?

Gastrointestinal Week 1 2016/17 (13 decks)

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