10/5/12 Flashcards
The secretion of which GI hormone from the duodenal mucosa occurs d/t stimulation by fat, protein, or carbs?
GIP
Fat and protein in the small intestine promote the release of what GI hromone?
CCK
The presence of protein in the antrum of the stomach promotes the release of _______.
gastrin
Low pH in the duodenum stimulates the release of _______.
secretin
What detrimental effect can CHF have on the liver?
centrilobular necrosis - mottled appearance of cut surface “nutmeg liver”
What is the most common cause of SEVERE malaria?
P. falciparum
What is the most common OVERALL cause of malaria?
P. vivax
What is the most common complication of P. vivax infection?
splenic rupture
On which side of the sternum is the aortic area for auscultation?
right!
What is opisthotonus?
tense arching of the whole body backward, as in tetanus
Which type of benign hyperbilirubinemia causes an increase in direct bilirubin?
Dubin is direct!
Does carpal tunnel syndrome affect cutaneous sensory innervation to the palm? Wy?
No, the superficial palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve passes superficial to the carpal tunnel.
What common childhood tumor that is often found in the head or neck is poorly differentiated w/ small, round cells and spindle cells?
rhabdomyosarcoma
What marker is used to stain rhabdomyosarcoma?
desmin
Imagine a rabid, sarcastic Desmin Morris, who has been bitten by a rabid ape.
The staining of neurofilaments is most commonly used to confirm the Dx of what tumor?
neuroblastoma (may also be used for pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromas, paragangliomas, and Merkel cell tumors)
What viral family fits this description: double-stranded RNA, naked, icosahedral? Example?
Reoviridae (e.g. rotavirus)
Single-stranded DNA, naked, icosahedral virus family?
Parvovirus (Parvovirus is so small it can only carry 1 strand of DNA!)
Provide the discription of the virion that fits all of the following: ortho- and para-myxoviridae, bunya-, rhabdo-, filo-, and arenaviridae.
(-) sense ssRNA, enveloped, helical
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication.
What viral family, other than orthomyxoviridae, can undergo anti genic shift d/t/ their segmented genome structure?
rotavirus
think of the cogwheel of the Rotary Club.
What surface protein allows paramyxoviruses to create giant multinucleated cells?
F (fusion) protein
What is the monoclonal Ab for F-protein?
Palavizumab
Who is palavizumab given to and why?
Premature infants for pneumonia prophylaxis.
What kind of immune reaction does Listeria monocytogenes induce?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
What 5 organisms are urease-positive?
PUNCH
Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, and Helicobacter.
Triple therapy for H. pylori?
Omeprazole, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin
What is the function of lumbrical muscles?
Extend the fingers at the interphalangeal joints
Which nerve controls the first 2 lumbricals?
median n.
What do the palmar and dorsal interosseus muscles do?
PAd and DAb
What innervates the interossei?
ulnar n.
What cyanotic heart malformation is associated w/ maternal diabetes?
transposition of the great vesels
What class of Abx should be used to tx pregnant women w/ bartonella henselae?
macrolides
A defect in pyrimidine synthesis could result in depostion of _______ crystals and resulting uropathy.
orotic acid
The pyramids figure largely in my orotic fantasies.
What is the most common GI emergency in neonates?
Necrotizing enterocolitis
