1 Pharma Terms

Question 1

Amount that reaches the circulation

Answer 1

Bioavailability

Question 2

Determine the safety and efficacy of generic drugs

Answer 2

Bioequivalence

Question 3

Dose required to bring about 50% of the drug’s maximal effect

Answer 3

Potency

Question 4

Dose at which 50% of the individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect

Answer 4

Median effective dose/ ED50

Question 5

Dose at which 50% of the animals manifest a particular toxic effect

Answer 5

Median toxic dose/ TD50

Question 6

Transfer of drug from site of admin to bloodstream

Answer 6

Volume of distribution

Question 7

Elimination of the drug at CONSTANT rate

Answer 7

Zero order kinetics

Question 8

Elimination at a rate that is proportional to the serum conc of the drug

Answer 8

First order kinetics

Question 9

Addition of polar moiety (sulate, glucuronate, acetate)

Answer 9

Phase 2 (conjugation reaction)

Question 10

Use of CYP 450 system (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)

Answer 10

Phase 1 (functionalization reaction)

Question 11

Rate at which a specific drug is cleared from the system

Answer 11

Clearance

Question 12

Amount of time required for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease to half its value after administration has been stopped

Answer 12

Half life (T 1/2)

Question 13

Single amount of drug needed to achieve a desired plasma conc quickly

Answer 13

Loading dose

Question 14

Amount of drug that must be given over time in order to maintain desired plasma conc

Answer 14

Maintenance dose

Question 15

Measure of drug safety

Answer 15

Therapeutic index

Question 16

Dose range between the minimum effective therapeutic dose or minimum toxic dose

Answer 16

Therapeutic window

Question 17

Substance that shifts the graded dose response curve to the right

Answer 17

Competitive antagonist

Question 18

Substance that does not produce the same maximum effect and is exhibited by a decrease in the Emax

Answer 18

Partial agonist

Question 19

Substance that depresses the graded-dose response curve in the presence of the natural subtance

Answer 19

Irreversible antagonist

Question 20

An antagonist that interacts directly with the agonist and not at all or only incidentally with the receptor

Answer 20

Chemical antagonist

Question 21

Action of the drug to the body

Answer 21

Pharmacodynamics

Question 22

Action of the body to the drug

Answer 22

Pharmakokinetics

Question 23

Permeation governed by fick’s law

Answer 23

Passive diffusion; lipid diffusion

Question 24

Permeation that is saturable and inhibitable

Answer 24

Carrier-mediated transport

Question 25

Adverse effect that is infrequently observed

Answer 25

Idiosyncratic

Question 26

Responsiveness decreases as a consequence of continued drug administration

Answer 26

Tolerance

Question 27

Responsiveness diminishes rapidly after drug administration

Answer 27

Tachyphylaxis

Question 28

Induction of malignant defects in the fetus

Answer 28

Teratogenic

Question 29

Induction of malignant characteristics in cells

Answer 29

Carcinogenesis

Question 30

Induction of changes in the genetic material of animals of any age

Answer 30

Mutagenesis

Question 31

100% bioavailability

Answer 31

IV

Question 32

Affected by First pass effect

Answer 32

PO

Question 33

Partial avoidance of first pass effectively

Answer 33

Rectal, SL

Question 34

Application to skin for LOCAL effect

Answer 34

Topical

Question 35

Application to skin for SYSTEMIC effect

Answer 35

Transdermal

Question 36

Phase of drug studies: Small number of normal volunteers

Answer 36

Phase I

Question 37

Phase of drug studies: Post marketing-surveillance

Answer 37

Phase IV

Question 38

Phase of drug studies: "Does is work in patients?"

Answer 38

Phase II

Question 39

Phase of drug studies: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trials

Answer 39

Phase III

Question 40

A drug for a rare disease

Answer 40

Orphan drug

Question 41

Case of overdose with a weak acid, what agent will you use to hasten urinary excretion

Answer 41

Acidifying agent | Ammonium chloride

Question 42

Cytochrome P450 inducers

Answer 42

Ethel Booba Takes Phenphen and Refuses Greasy Carbs Ethanol, barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine, st johns's wort/smoking

Question 43

Cytochrome P450 ihibitors

Answer 43

Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit Q Isoniazid, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice, ritonavir, amiodarone, quinidine

Question 44

Drugs and Pregnancy: Safe and Safe

Answer 44

A Folic acid, thyroid hormones

Question 45

Drugs and Pregnancy: No studies, safe Safe, unsafe

Answer 45

B Zidovudine

Question 46

Drugs and Pregnancy: No studies, unsafe No studies, no studies

Answer 46

C Aspirin

Question 47

Drugs and Pregnancy: Unsafe, unsafe

Answer 47

D ACEI and anticonvulsants

Question 48

Drugs and Pregnancy: Unsafe, unsafe Benefits does not outweigh the risks

Answer 48

X Statins, OCPs, clomiphene, misoprostol, high-dose vit A