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Pharmacology > 1 Pharma Terms > Flashcards

1 Pharma Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Amount that reaches the circulation

A

Bioavailability

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2
Q

Determine the safety and efficacy of generic drugs

A

Bioequivalence

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3
Q

Dose required to bring about 50% of the drug’s maximal effect

A

Potency

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4
Q

Dose at which 50% of the individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect

A

Median effective dose/ ED50

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5
Q

Dose at which 50% of the animals manifest a particular toxic effect

A

Median toxic dose/ TD50

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6
Q

Transfer of drug from site of admin to bloodstream

A

Volume of distribution

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7
Q

Elimination of the drug at CONSTANT rate

A

Zero order kinetics

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8
Q

Elimination at a rate that is proportional to the serum conc of the drug

A

First order kinetics

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9
Q

Addition of polar moiety (sulate, glucuronate, acetate)

A

Phase 2 (conjugation reaction)

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10
Q

Use of CYP 450 system (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis)

A

Phase 1 (functionalization reaction)

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11
Q

Rate at which a specific drug is cleared from the system

A

Clearance

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12
Q

Amount of time required for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease to half its value after administration has been stopped

A

Half life (T 1/2)

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13
Q

Single amount of drug needed to achieve a desired plasma conc quickly

A

Loading dose

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14
Q

Amount of drug that must be given over time in order to maintain desired plasma conc

A

Maintenance dose

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15
Q

Measure of drug safety

A

Therapeutic index

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16
Q

Dose range between the minimum effective therapeutic dose or minimum toxic dose

A

Therapeutic window

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17
Q

Substance that shifts the graded dose response curve to the right

A

Competitive antagonist

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18
Q

Substance that does not produce the same maximum effect and is exhibited by a decrease in the Emax

A

Partial agonist

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19
Q

Substance that depresses the graded-dose response curve in the presence of the natural subtance

A

Irreversible antagonist

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20
Q

An antagonist that interacts directly with the agonist and not at all or only incidentally with the receptor

A

Chemical antagonist

21
Q

Action of the drug to the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

22
Q

Action of the body to the drug

A

Pharmakokinetics

23
Q

Permeation governed by fick’s law

A

Passive diffusion; lipid diffusion

24
Q

Permeation that is saturable and inhibitable

A

Carrier-mediated transport

25
Q

Adverse effect that is infrequently observed

A

Idiosyncratic

26
Q

Responsiveness decreases as a consequence of continued drug administration

A

Tolerance

27
Q

Responsiveness diminishes rapidly after drug administration

A

Tachyphylaxis

28
Q

Induction of malignant defects in the fetus

A

Teratogenic

29
Q

Induction of malignant characteristics in cells

A

Carcinogenesis

30
Q

Induction of changes in the genetic material of animals of any age

A

Mutagenesis

31
Q

100% bioavailability

A

IV

32
Q

Affected by First pass effect

A

PO

33
Q

Partial avoidance of first pass effectively

A

Rectal, SL

34
Q

Application to skin for LOCAL effect

A

Topical

35
Q

Application to skin for SYSTEMIC effect

A

Transdermal

36
Q

Phase of drug studies:

Small number of normal volunteers

A

Phase I

37
Q

Phase of drug studies:

Post marketing-surveillance

A

Phase IV

38
Q

Phase of drug studies:

“Does is work in patients?”

A

Phase II

39
Q

Phase of drug studies:

Randomized, double-blind, controlled trials

A

Phase III

40
Q

A drug for a rare disease

A

Orphan drug

41
Q

Case of overdose with a weak acid, what agent will you use to hasten urinary excretion

A

Acidifying agent

Ammonium chloride

42
Q

Cytochrome P450 inducers

A

Ethel Booba Takes Phenphen and Refuses Greasy Carbs

Ethanol, barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine, st johns’s wort/smoking

43
Q

Cytochrome P450 ihibitors

A

Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit Q

Isoniazid, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice, ritonavir, amiodarone, quinidine

44
Q

Drugs and Pregnancy:

Safe and Safe

A

A

Folic acid, thyroid hormones

45
Q

Drugs and Pregnancy:

No studies, safe
Safe, unsafe

A

B

Zidovudine

46
Q

Drugs and Pregnancy:

No studies, unsafe
No studies, no studies

A

C

Aspirin

47
Q

Drugs and Pregnancy:

Unsafe, unsafe

A

D

ACEI and anticonvulsants

48
Q

Drugs and Pregnancy:

Unsafe, unsafe
Benefits does not outweigh the risks

A

X

Statins, OCPs, clomiphene, misoprostol, high-dose vit A

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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