1-OTC cough and cold

Question 1

what do expectorants/mucokinetics do

Answer 1

get rid of stimuli that make us cough

Question 2

what do cough suppressants/antitussives do

Answer 2

supress signalling in the cough center

Question 3

main ingredient in mucinex

Answer 3

guaifenesin

Question 4

what kind of cough med is guaifenesin

Answer 4

expectorant

Question 5

what kind of cells is mucin secreted from

Answer 5

glands(serous cells), goblet and clara cells

Question 6

how does guaifenesin work

Answer 6

activates gastro-pulmonary reflex

Question 7

how does the gastro-pulmonary reflex work

Answer 7

vagal parasympathetic release ACh onto acetylcholine muscarinic type 3 (M3) receptors on goblet and serous cells in the airways

Question 8

how can you block the effect of guaifenesin

Answer 8

atropine - a muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 9

what are the main mucins in the airways

Answer 9

MUC5AC and MUC5B

Question 10

how do opioids suppress cough

Answer 10

activation of opioid receptors involved in analgesia and respiratory depression

Question 11

how DXM work

Answer 11

antagonist on glutamate receptors (NMDA type)

Question 12

how does DXO work

Answer 12

antagonist on glutamate receptors (NMDA type)

Question 13

is DXO or DXM more potent

Answer 13

DXO

Question 14

how does blocking NMDA receptors supress cough

Answer 14

increases threshold for cough initiation

Question 15

codeine how does it supress cough

Answer 15

turns into morphine in liver

acts on mu-opiod receptors in brain to suppress cough

Question 16

too much codeine do what

Answer 16

can cause respiratory depression

Question 17

too much DXO DXM can do what

Answer 17

serotonin syndrome (DXM inhibits serotonin clearance from cleft)

Question 18

what does bradykinin do

Answer 18

vasodilation

Question 19

α-1 receptor

what g protein, effector, second messenger

Answer 19

Gq
PLC
IP3 and DAg

Question 20

α-1 receptor

what effect to blood vessel

Answer 20

vasoconstrict

Question 21

α-2 receptor

what g protein, effector, second messenger

Answer 21

Gi
AC
lower cAMP

Question 22

α-2 receptor

what effect to blood vessel

Answer 22

vasoconstrict

Question 23

β receptor

what g protein, effector, second messenger

Answer 23

Gs
AC
raise cAMP

Question 24

β receptor

what effect to blood vessel

Answer 24

vasodilate

Question 25

which adrenergic receptor vasoconstrics

Answer 25

α-1 and α-2

Question 26

which adrenergic receptor vasodilate

Answer 26

β

Question 27

which adrenergic receptor does Gq

Answer 27

α-1

Question 28

which adrenergic receptor does Gs

Answer 28

β

Question 29

which adrenergic receptor does Gi

Answer 29

α-2

Question 30

which adrenergic receptor is targeted to help nasal conjestion

Answer 30

α-1 because it constricts

Question 31

how do α-1 cause vasoconstriction

Answer 31

Gq, PIP, IP3+DAG, Ca released and binds to calmodulin protein, they form a complex and bind to myosin to cause contraction of muscle

Question 32

examples of α-1 and why they work

Answer 32

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, xylometazoline

structurally similar to noradrenaline

Question 33

concerns with α-1 drugs

Answer 33

causes high blood pressure

Question 34

what increases the bioavailability of α-1 drugs

Answer 34

remove OH groups so they can penetrate CNS and absorb easier