1-OTC cough and cold Flashcards
what do expectorants/mucokinetics do
get rid of stimuli that make us cough
what do cough suppressants/antitussives do
supress signalling in the cough center
main ingredient in mucinex
guaifenesin
what kind of cough med is guaifenesin
expectorant
what kind of cells is mucin secreted from
glands(serous cells), goblet and clara cells
how does guaifenesin work
activates gastro-pulmonary reflex
how does the gastro-pulmonary reflex work
vagal parasympathetic release ACh onto acetylcholine muscarinic type 3 (M3) receptors on goblet and serous cells in the airways
how can you block the effect of guaifenesin
atropine - a muscarinic receptor antagonist
what are the main mucins in the airways
MUC5AC and MUC5B
how do opioids suppress cough
activation of opioid receptors involved in analgesia and respiratory depression
how DXM work
antagonist on glutamate receptors (NMDA type)
how does DXO work
antagonist on glutamate receptors (NMDA type)
is DXO or DXM more potent
DXO
how does blocking NMDA receptors supress cough
increases threshold for cough initiation
codeine how does it supress cough
turns into morphine in liver
acts on mu-opiod receptors in brain to suppress cough
too much codeine do what
can cause respiratory depression
too much DXO DXM can do what
serotonin syndrome (DXM inhibits serotonin clearance from cleft)
what does bradykinin do
vasodilation
α-1 receptor
what g protein, effector, second messenger
Gq
PLC
IP3 and DAg
α-1 receptor
what effect to blood vessel
vasoconstrict
α-2 receptor
what g protein, effector, second messenger
Gi
AC
lower cAMP
α-2 receptor
what effect to blood vessel
vasoconstrict
β receptor
what g protein, effector, second messenger
Gs
AC
raise cAMP
β receptor
what effect to blood vessel
vasodilate
which adrenergic receptor vasoconstrics
α-1 and α-2
which adrenergic receptor vasodilate
β
which adrenergic receptor does Gq
α-1
which adrenergic receptor does Gs
β
which adrenergic receptor does Gi
α-2
which adrenergic receptor is targeted to help nasal conjestion
α-1 because it constricts
how do α-1 cause vasoconstriction
Gq, PIP, IP3+DAG, Ca released and binds to calmodulin protein, they form a complex and bind to myosin to cause contraction of muscle
examples of α-1 and why they work
pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, xylometazoline
structurally similar to noradrenaline
concerns with α-1 drugs
causes high blood pressure
what increases the bioavailability of α-1 drugs
remove OH groups so they can penetrate CNS and absorb easier
