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Pharmacology 200 > 1-Blood pressure drugs > Flashcards

1-Blood pressure drugs Flashcards

1
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

pressure at peak ventricular contraction

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2
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation

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3
Q

BP fomula

A

BP=cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistant

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4
Q

sites to regulate BP

A

heart, vessels, RAAS

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5
Q

what is important to us with the nephron

what leaves and where

A

NaCl leaves the distal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

Thiazide Diuretics how do they work

A

inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

block the NaCl co transporter

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7
Q

Bendroflumethiazide what kind of drug

A

thiazide diuretics

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8
Q

what is Na role in the kidney normally

A

drives water reabsorption in the kidney

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9
Q

role of β1 receptors

A

accelerate heart

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10
Q

role of β2 receptors

A

dilation of bronchioles

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11
Q

what kind of G couple β1 and β2

A

Gs

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12
Q

targets for cardiac muscle in β1 activation

A

L-type Ca channels (increase intracellular Ca during heartbeat)

Ryanodrine receptors (increase intracellular Ca from intracellular stores)

SERCA pumps (take Ca into ER at end of heartbeat)

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13
Q

targets in vascular/bronchilar smooth muscle in β2 activation

A

myosin light chain kinase

phosphorylation causes relaxation of smooth muscle

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14
Q

how are adrenergic receptors inhibited? (antagonism, agonist)

A

competitive antagonism

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15
Q

inotropic

A

influences cardiac contractility

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16
Q

chronotropic

A

influences heart rate

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17
Q

how are β blocker antihypertensive?

A

reduce cardiac output
reduce sympathetic activity
reduce renin secretion

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18
Q

what causes bronchiospasm

A

β2 blocking prevents smooth muscle relaxation of bronchioles

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19
Q

carvediolol

A

beta and alpha inhibition

20
Q

atenolol

A

beta1 selective

21
Q

propranolol

A

beta inhibition (non selective between the two)

22
Q

is β1 or β2 better theraputically

A

β1 , β2 not used at all

23
Q

RAAS(renin angiotension aldosterone system) does what

A

controls blood volume, salt balance and blood pressure

works to keep fluid and raise blood pressure

24
Q

what kind of drugs target RAAS

A

ARBs (angiotension receptor blockers)

ACE (angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors)

25
Q

what does renin do

A

enzyme secreted by kidney that processes angiotensinogen to ATI

26
Q

ACE what do

A

enzyme that processes ATI to ATII

27
Q

ATII what do

A

powerful vasoactive peptide that causes smooth muscle control and aldosterone release

powerful vasoconstrictor

28
Q

Aldosterone what do

A

steroid hormone that promotes reabsorption of Na and H2O in the kidney

preserved blood volume and increases blood pressure

29
Q

what do beta blockers stop in the pathway

A

inhibit renin secretion

30
Q

inhibiting RAAS does what to hypertension

A

anti-hypertensive

31
Q

where are ACE enzymes

A

membrane bound protein in the pulmonary capillary endothelium

32
Q

what do the Angiotension2 type 1 receptor do (At1)

A

mediate angiotension2

33
Q

what G signalling cascade in the AT1 receptor

A

Gq

34
Q

what does Ca signals trigger the release of in the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

35
Q

what kind of hormone is aldosterone

A

steroid –> not prepackaged into vessicles, it is controlled at the level of synthesis

36
Q

what does the mineralocorticoid receptor

A

steroid hormone receptor for aldosterone

37
Q

where aldosterone effects and why

A

na/k pump
na leak channel
na/cl symporter (convoluted distal tubule)

because it increases sodium and water reabsorption

38
Q

side effect of angiotension 1 inhibition and why

A

cough because bradykinin is not broken down

39
Q

example of ace inhibitor

A

Captopril

40
Q

how does captopril work

A

preents cleavage of angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

41
Q

example of AT1 blocker/ ARBs

A

Losartan

42
Q

how does losartan work

A

inhibits aldosterone secretion and vasoconstriction (AT1 blocker) receptor

43
Q

are ACE inhibitors or ARBs better tolerated

A

ARBs

44
Q

example of aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone

45
Q

what does spironolactone do

A

diuretic because inhibits aldosterone effects

Pharmacology 200 (29 decks)

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