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Hematology 2 > 1 - Hemostasis and Coagulation > Flashcards

1 - Hemostasis and Coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

Timing of Hemostasis:

Vasoconstriction (immediately)
Platelet adhesion
Platelet aggregation

A

Primary Hemostasis

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2
Q

Timing of Hemostasis:

Activation of clotting factors
Fibrin formation

A

Secondary hemostasis

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3
Q

Timing of Hemostasis:

Activation of fibrinolytic factors
Clot lysis

A

Fibrinolysis

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4
Q

Key players of Primary Hemostasis

A

Platelet
Blood vessels

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5
Q

Endpoint of primary hemostasis

A

Platelet plug

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6
Q

Key players of secondary hemostasis

A

Coagulation system
Enzymes
Cofactors
Platelets

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7
Q

End product of Secondary hemostasis

A

Stabilized fibrin clot

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8
Q

Key players of fibrinolysis

A

Fibrinolytic system

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9
Q

End product of fibrinolysis

A

Dissolution of fibrin clot (Healing)

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10
Q

Anticoagulant properties of Intact Vascular Intime

A
  1. Prostacyclin
  2. Nitric oxide
  3. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
  4. Thrombomodulin
  5. Heparan sulfate
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11
Q

providing a smooth inner surface of the blood vessel that prevents harmful turbulence that otherwise may activate platelets and coagulation enzymes

A

Rhomboid and contiguous ECs

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12
Q

separating procoagulant proteins and platelets in blood from collagen & tissue factor in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

A

ECs as a physical barrier

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13
Q

Platelet inhibitor and a vasodilator

A

Prostacyclin

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14
Q

induces smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent vasodilation, inhibits platelet activation, and promotes angiogenesis

A

Nitric oxide

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15
Q

Eicosanoid platelet inhibitor

A

Prostacyclin

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16
Q

vascular “relaxing” factor

A

nitric oxide

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17
Q

coagulation extrinsic pathway regulator

A

tissue factor pathway inhibitor

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18
Q

a protein C coagulation control system activator

A

thrombomodulin

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19
Q

Procoagulant properties of Damage Vascular Intima:

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Collagen
  3. von Willebrand factor
  4. ADAMTS-13
  5. P-selectin
  6. Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)
  7. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules (PECAMs)
  8. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts
  9. Tissue factor
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20
Q

necessary for platelet adhesion to collagen

A

von Willebrand factor

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21
Q

promotes platelet leukocyte binding

A

P-selectin
ICAMs (Intercellular adhesion molecules)
PECAMs (Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules)

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22
Q

3 fibrinolytic properties:

A
  1. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
  2. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
  3. Thrombin-activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)
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23
Q

A serine protease, activates fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

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24
Q

TPA control protein that inhibits plasmin generation and fibrinolysis

A

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

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25
Q

Thrombin-thrombomodulin complex

A

Thrombin-activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)

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26
Q

Activated by thrombin bound to EC membrane thrombomodulin

A

Thrombin-activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI)

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27
Q

Platelets are produced from the cytoplasm of bone marrow

A

megakaryocytes

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28
Q

Platelets function:

Plts roll and cling to non-plt surfaces, reversible

A

Adhesion

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29
Q

Give clinical significance for Adhesion

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
von Willebrand disease

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30
Q

Platelets function:

Plts adhere to each other; irreversible

A

Aggregation

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31
Q

Give clinical significance for Aggregation

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Afibrinogenemia

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32
Q

Platelets function:

Plts discharge the contents of their granules; irreversible

A

Secretion

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33
Q

Platelet granule:

B-Thromboglobulin

A

a-granules

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34
Q

Platelet granule:

Adenosine diphosphate

A

dense granules

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35
Q

Platelet granule:

Factor V

A

a-granules

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36
Q

Platelet granule:

Adenosine triphosphate

A

dense granules

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37
Q

Platelet granule:

protein s

A

a-granules

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38
Q

Platelet granule:

calcium

A

dense granules

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39
Q

Platelet granule:

fibrinogen

A

a-granules

40
Q

Platelet granule:

serotonin

A

dense granules

41
Q

Platelet granule:

VWF

A

a-granules

42
Q

Platelet granule:

platelet factor 4

A

a-granules

43
Q

Platelet granule:

platelet-derived growth factor

A

a-granules

44
Q

procoagulant enzymes that are in inactive form

A

zymogens

45
Q

bind, stabilize, and enhance the activity of enzyme

A

cofactors

46
Q

examples of zymogens

A

Factor 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Prekallikrein
Prothrombin

47
Q

examples of cofactors

A

Factor V, VIII
Protein Z
HMWK
Tissue factor
Protein S
Thrombomodulin

48
Q

Factor I

A

Fibrinogen

49
Q

Plasma coagulants:

Thrombin substrate, polymerizes to form fibrin

A

Factor I - Fibrinogen

50
Q

Factor II

A

Prothrombin

51
Q

Factor III

A

Tissue factor

52
Q

Factor IV

A

Ionic calcium

53
Q

Factor V

A

Proaccelerin

54
Q

Plasma coagulants:

Stable factor, Serum prothrombin conversion accelerator, Autoprothrombin I, Cothromboplastin

A

Factor VII - Proconvertin

55
Q

Factor VIII

A

Antihemophilic factor

56
Q

Factor IX

A

Christmas factor

57
Q

Factor X

A

Stuart-Prower factor

58
Q

Factor XI

A

Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent (PTA)

59
Q

Factor XII

A

Hageman factor

60
Q

Prekallikrein

A

Fletcher factor, pre-K

61
Q

High molecular weight kininogen

A

Fitzgerald factor, HMWK

62
Q

Factor XIII

A

Fibrin-stabilizing factor (FSF)

63
Q

example of control proteins

A
  1. Antithrombin
  2. Heparin cofactor II
  3. TFPI
  4. Protein C
  5. a2-macroglobulin
  6. a1- antitrypsin
  7. ZPI
64
Q

Vitamin K is a quinone found in green leafy vegetables and is produced by the intestinal organisms

A

Bacteriodes fragilis
Escherichia coli

65
Q

3 Groups of coagulation factors

A
  1. Thrombin sensitive group (Factors I, V, VIII, XII)
  2. Vitamin K dependent group (Factors II, VII, IX, X, PROTEIN C, S, and Z)
  3. Contact group (Factors XI, XII, pre-K, HMWK)
66
Q

Receptor dor FVIIa

A

Tissue factor

67
Q

Activated by thrombin and inactivated by protein C

A

Factors V and VIII

68
Q

cofactor to XIIIa and prekallikrein

A

HMWK

69
Q

coagulation control cofactors

A
  1. Thrombomodulin
  2. Protein S
  3. Protein Z
70
Q

Thrombin cofactor, fibrinolysis; when bound to thrombin activates protein C and TAFI

A

Thrombomodulin

71
Q

Cofactor to protein C

A

Protein S

72
Q

Two phases of Coagulation:

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Propagation
73
Q

Two phases of Coagulation:

Occurs on tissue-factor bearing cells

A

Initiation

74
Q

Two phases of Coagulation:

Occurring on platelets

A

Propagation

75
Q

Principal regulators of Coagulation

A
  1. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
  2. Activated protein C (APC)
  3. Antithrombin (AT)
76
Q

The final stage of hemostatic activation

A

Fibrinolysis

77
Q

Binds to the lysine moieties on the fibrin molecule

A

plasminogen

78
Q

active form of plasminogen

A

plasmin

79
Q

plasminogen activation:

A
  1. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
  2. Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (UPA)
80
Q

Control of Fibrinolysis

A
  1. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
  2. Alpha 2-Antiplasmin
  3. Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)
81
Q

Or soft tissue hemorrhage - a generalized bleeding that is seen in acquired or congenital defects in secondary hemostasis

A

Anatomic hemorrhage

82
Q

Pattern of inheritance in which the transmission of a dominant allele on an autosome causes a trait to be expressed in heterozygotesv

A

Autosomal dominant

83
Q

Pattern of inheritance resulting from the transmission of a recessive allele that is not expressed in heterozygotes

A

Autosomal recessive

84
Q

Hemorrhagic spot, 1 cm or larger in dm, typically forming an irregular blue or purplish patch.

A

Ecchymoses

85
Q

Nosebleed that requires intervention

A

Epistaxis

86
Q

Bleeding from multiple sites, spontaneous and recurring bleeds, or hemorrhage that requires physical intervention of transfusion

A

Generalized hemorrhage

87
Q

Chronic joint bleeds that cause inflammation and immobilization

A

Hemarthroses

88
Q

Vomiting of bright red blood

A

Hematemesis

89
Q

Localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted, in an organ space or tissue

A

Hematoma

90
Q

Intact RBCs in the urine

A

Hematuria

91
Q

Free hemoglobin in the urine

A

Hemoglobinuria

92
Q

Expectoration of blood secondary to hemorrhage in the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

A

Hemoptysis

93
Q

Passage of fresh, red blood in your stool

A

Hematochezia

94
Q

Stool containing dark red or black blood

A

Melena

95
Q

Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual periods

A

Menorrhagia

96
Q

Pinpoint purple or red spots on the skin or mucous membranes, approx 1 mm in dm

A

Petechiae

97
Q

Purple skin discoloration, typically rounded with a dm of greater than 3 mm

A

purpura

Hematology 2 (18 decks)

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