1 & 2 - Superficial Triangles and Cervical Viscera - Stephens Flashcards

1
Q

Contraction of platysma results in?

A

Increased compartment size of the neck and thereby relieves underlying venous pressure

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2
Q

What is platysma innervated by?

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

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3
Q

If you are having a neck lift what muscle are the surgeons tightening?

A

The platysma

–can also be used for reconstructive surgery of face

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4
Q

What two muscles does CN 11 innervate?

A

SCM and Trapezius

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5
Q

SCM contraction …
Unilaterally?
Bilaterally?

A

Uni - look under armpit

Bi - flex head

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6
Q

During radical surgical dissection of the neck which nerve do you want to take care to preserve?

A

Spinal accessory n

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7
Q

4 Superficial branches of the cervical plexus

A

Lesser occipital n - GSA to postero-lateral head
Great auricular n - skin of parotid and mastoid regions
Transverse cervical n - skin of anterior neck
Supraclavicular n - skin of upper chest and shoulders

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8
Q

What 2 important structures are anterior to scalene muscle

A

Subclavian vein and phrenic nerve

–phrenic is sandwiched between vein and muscle - a phrenic sandwich if you will

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9
Q

What 2 important structures are behind the scalene muscle?

A

Subclavian artery and brachial plexus

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10
Q

What muscle retracts the tongue?

A

Hyoglossus

–innervated by CN XII

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11
Q

What drains the submandibular gland? Artery?

A

Submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct)

  • empties into floor of mouth at apex of sublingual caruncle
  • lingual n spirals around it
  • Facial a
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12
Q

Innervation of submandibular gland - symp and parasymp

A

Parasymp: Superior salivatory nucleus –> facial n –> chorda tympani –> submandibular and sublingual gland
Symp: Superior cervical ganglion –> facial plexus –> submandibular and sublingual gland

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13
Q

What nerve is located behind the 3rd molar?

A

The lingual n

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14
Q

What nerve supplies all GSE fibers to all of the intrinsic m of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal n (CN XII)

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15
Q

What nerve will we see in the oral cavity entering the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal n (CN IX)

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16
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

The strap muscles

17
Q

Function of strap muscles?

A

Depress hyoid, larynx, and floor of the mouth

Stabilize the hyoid and larynx

18
Q

What can extend upward of from the isthmus of the thyroid?

A

Pyramidal lobe in 50%

19
Q

What is the thyroglossal duct and what can occur clinically?

A

Accessory thyroid tissue, embryo remnant

Cysts can form along the course of this tissue

20
Q

WHAT FUCKING NERVE IS NEAR THE THYROID THAT STEPHENS LOVES?

A

The mother fucking recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)

-medial to the lobes between trachea and esophagus

21
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid a - from common or external carotids
Inferior thyroid a - from the thyrocervical trunk
Lowest thyroid artery - from brachiocephalic, aorta or L common

22
Q

What happens when you remove thyroid and you do not preserve the parathyroid glands?

A

You can get tetany and ultimately death - no more PTH that maintains Calcium

23
Q

What is a tracheotomy?

A

Emergency airway between tracheal rings 2-4

24
Q

What surgical procedure has replaced tracheotomy?

A

Cricothyrotomy - cut through the cricothyroid membrane

25
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A

Extensive surgery to open longterm airway through rings 2-4 usually for ventilator

26
Q

If you need to perform surgery on the esophagus, which side should you approach from?

A

The left side - easier

27
Q

If you get a penetrating wound to the base of the neck what can happen?

A

Puncture the pleural cavity and/or lung –> collapse lung and results in pneumothorax
–because the cupula of the lung extends into the root of the neck and is occupied by the apical portion of the lung