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PMLS > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the early medical theory?

A

Hippocrates (460-377B.C.)

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2
Q

Who stated that disease was the result of excess substance—such as blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile—within the body?

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

It was though that removal of excess would restore ———–

A

Balance

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4
Q

What was one important surgical technique?

A

Venesection

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5
Q

What does venesection mean?

A

cuttinng a vein

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6
Q

Where is venesection used?

A

process of bloodletting

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7
Q

Where does Venesection come from?

A

Latin

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8
Q

Venesection: ‘vena’ means?

A

vein

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9
Q

Venesection: ‘sectio’ means?

A

cutting

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10
Q

What is the most common method of general bloodletting?

A

Venesection

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11
Q

What involved cutting into a vein with a sharp instrument and releasing blood in an effort to rid the body of evil spirits, cleanse the body of impurities, or, as in Hippocrates time, bring the body into proper balance?

A

Venesection

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12
Q

Venesection is another word for?

A

Phlebotomy

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13
Q

Where does phlebotomy come from?

A

Greek

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14
Q

Phlebotomy: ‘phlebos’ means?

A

vein

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15
Q

Phlebotomy: ‘tome’ means?

A

incision

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16
Q

Some authorities believe phlebotomy dates back to the last period of ——————, when crude tools were used to puncture vessels and allow excess blood to drain out of the body?

A

Stone Age

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17
Q

What flourished in the early middle ages?

A

Barber surgeons

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18
Q

Who were the first healthcare professionals who took care of soldiers?

A

Barber surgeons

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19
Q

What was formed in 1210?

A

Guild of Barber Surgeons

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20
Q

When was the Guild of Barber Surgeons formed?

A

1210

21
Q

What are the two divisions in the Barber Surgeons stated in 1210?

A

Surgeons of the Long Robe and Surgeons of the Short Robe

22
Q

What Robe under the Barber Surgeons were forbidden by the law to do any surgery except bloodletting, wound surgery, cupping, leeching, shaving, tooth extraction, and enema administration?

A

Short Robe

23
Q

What are the Short Robe forbidden to do abided by the law?

A

Any surgery except bloodletting, wound surgery, cupping, leeching, shaving, tooth extraction, and enema administration

24
Q

What did the Barber Surgeons placed outside their doors for them to be distinguished?

A

Striped pole

25
Q

Barber Surgeons: What did the striped pole represented?

A

The pole represented the rod squeezed by the patient to promote bleeding and the white stripe on the pole corresponded to the bandages, which were also used as tourniquets

26
Q

When was phlebotomy considered a major therapeutic (treatment) process?

A

17th and early 18th centuries

27
Q

What tool was used for cutting the vein during venesection and was perhaps the most prevalent medical instrument of the times?

A

Lancet

28
Q

What was the usual amount of blood withdrawn?

A

Aproximately 10mL

29
Q

What was thought to have contributed to George Washington’s death in 1799?

A

Excessive phlebotomy

30
Q

What was George Washington diagnosed?

A

Throat infection

31
Q

How many times and days was George Washington bled?

A

Four times in 2 days

32
Q

During 17th and 18th century, phlebotomy was also accomplished by?

A

Cupping and leeching

33
Q

What art required a great deal of practice to maintain the high degree of dexterity necessary to avoid appearing clumsy and thus frighten the patient away?

A

Cupping

34
Q

What involved the application of a heated suction apparatus to the skin to draw the blood to the surface?

A

Cupping

35
Q

What was the heated suction apparatus called?

A

Cup

36
Q

What typical fleam was used in making a series of parallel incisions in the capillaries?

A

A wide double-edged blade at right angles to the handle

37
Q

What were used for general phlebotomy to open an artery or, more commonly, a vein to remove large amounts of blood?

A

Fleams

38
Q

What were used for more localized bloodletting?

A

Leeches

39
Q

Name of leeches used

A

Hirudo medicinalis, a European medicinal leech

40
Q

A procedure that involved enticing the Hirudo medicinalis, a European medicinal leech, to the spot needing bloodletting with a drop of milk or blood on the patient’s skin.

A

Leeching

41
Q

By the mid-18th century what was widely practiced in Europe, especially in France?

A

Leeching

42
Q

Within the last decade, leeched have made a comeback as ———- from the complications of —————- replantation

A

defenders; microsurgical

43
Q

The value of leech therapy lies in the ———-?

A

Components of the worm’s saliva

44
Q

What does the leeches’ saliva contain?

A

Local vasodilator (substance that increases the diameter of blood vessels), a local anasthetic, and hirudin, an anticoagulant (a substance that prevents clotting)

45
Q

Today, phlebotomy is performed to?

A
  • Obtain blood for diagnostic purposes and to monitor prescribed treatement
  • Remove blood for transfusions at a donor center (DONOR PHLEBOTOMY)
  • Remove blood fpr therapeutic purposes, such as treatment for polycythemia, a disorder involving the overproduction of red blood cells (PATIENT PHLEBOTOMY)
46
Q

Phlebotomy is primarily accomplished by one of two procedures. What are these?

A
  • Venipuncture
  • Capillary puncture
47
Q

This involves collecting blood by penetrating a vein with a needle and syringe or other collection apparatus

A

Venipuncture

48
Q

This involves collecting blood after puncturing the skin with a lancet

A

Capillary puncture

49
Q

What is the term applied to any individual who has been trained in the various techniques to obtain blood for laboratory testing or blood donations?

A

Phlebotomist

PMLS (26 decks)

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