07a: Neoplasia Flashcards
Process of uncoordinated cell growth exceeding limits established for normal tissues.
Neoplasia
T/F: Metaplasia is reversible and not a precancerous lesion.
True
T/F: All forms of dysplasia are irreversible.
False - mild forms are reversible
T/F: Dysplasia is a precancerous lesion.
True
Loss of normal orientation of one cell to another in a particular tissue is (metaplasia/dysplasia/anaplasia/neoplasia).
Dysplasia
Lack of differentiation of cells, marked by many morphological changes, is (metaplasia/dysplasia/anaplasia/neoplasia).
Anaplasia
An increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromatic DNA content are characteristics of (metaplasia/dysplasia/anaplasia).
Anaplasia
Neoplasia: differentiation refers to extent to which (X) cells of particular growth resemble (normal/abnormal) cells from (Y) tissue.
X = parenchymal
Normal
Y = original (tissue/organ from which they arose)
“Well” differentiated tumors have cells that resemble (parent/primitive) cell.
Parent
For squamous epithelial tumors, degree of differentiation is assessed based on which cell characteristic?
Ability to form keratin (extent of keratinization)
T/F: Benign, encapsulated growth/tumor referred to as “neoplasm”.
True
Benign neoplasm that’s mesenchymal in origin arises from (X) tissues type and has which nomenclature (suffix or prefix)?
X = connective (fibrous, muscle, adipose, cartilage, endothelium)
Suffix “oma” (lipoma, fibroma, endothelioma)
Nomenclature: Benign neoplasm arising from squamous epithelial tissue.
Epithelioma or Papilloma
Nomenclature: Benign neoplasm arising from glandular epithelial tissue.
Adenoma
List typical progression from benign neoplasia to metastatic carcinoma.
- Benign
- Dysplastic (low to high grade)
- Carcinoma in situ (BM intact)
- Invasive carcinoma
- Metastatic carcinoma
Benign tumors arising from germ cells.
Teratomas
(X) tumor may have neoplastic components of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.
X = mixed
Pleomorphism is characteristic of (benign/malignant) tumors.
Malignant
Nomenclature: Malignant neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissue.
Sarcoma (ex: fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma)
Nomenclature: Malignant neoplasm arising from epithelial tissue.
Carcinoma (ex: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma)
Grade of a tumor is based on degree of (X). Most grading systems have (1/2/3/4/5) grades.
X = anaplasia (differentiation) of neoplastic cells 3 grades (increasing degrees of malignancy)
List the four key exceptions to the “oma” rule. These examples are (benign/malignant), despite ending in “oma”.
Malignant;
- Lymphoma
- Hepatoma
- Mesothelioma
- Melanoma
Tumors: Choice of surgical/treatment approach influenced mainly by (grade/stage).
Stage
Cancer staging follows (X) criteria, which stands for:
X = TNM
T: primary tumor size
N: number of node metastases
M: presence/extent of distant metastases
