07a: Neoplasia

Question 1

Process of uncoordinated cell growth exceeding limits established for normal tissues.

Answer 1

Neoplasia

Question 2

T/F: Metaplasia is reversible and not a precancerous lesion.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F: All forms of dysplasia are irreversible.

Answer 3

False - mild forms are reversible

Question 4

T/F: Dysplasia is a precancerous lesion.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Loss of normal orientation of one cell to another in a particular tissue is (metaplasia/dysplasia/anaplasia/neoplasia).

Answer 5

Dysplasia

Question 6

Lack of differentiation of cells, marked by many morphological changes, is (metaplasia/dysplasia/anaplasia/neoplasia).

Answer 6

Anaplasia

Question 7

An increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromatic DNA content are characteristics of (metaplasia/dysplasia/anaplasia).

Answer 7

Anaplasia

Question 8

Neoplasia: differentiation refers to extent to which (X) cells of particular growth resemble (normal/abnormal) cells from (Y) tissue.

Answer 8

X = parenchymal
Normal
Y = original (tissue/organ from which they arose)

Question 9

“Well” differentiated tumors have cells that resemble (parent/primitive) cell.

Answer 9

Parent

Question 10

For squamous epithelial tumors, degree of differentiation is assessed based on which cell characteristic?

Answer 10

Ability to form keratin (extent of keratinization)

Question 11

T/F: Benign, encapsulated growth/tumor referred to as “neoplasm”.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Benign neoplasm that’s mesenchymal in origin arises from (X) tissues type and has which nomenclature (suffix or prefix)?

Answer 12

X = connective (fibrous, muscle, adipose, cartilage, endothelium)

Suffix “oma” (lipoma, fibroma, endothelioma)

Question 13

Nomenclature: Benign neoplasm arising from squamous epithelial tissue.

Answer 13

Epithelioma or Papilloma

Question 14

Nomenclature: Benign neoplasm arising from glandular epithelial tissue.

Answer 14

Adenoma

Question 15

List typical progression from benign neoplasia to metastatic carcinoma.

Answer 15

1. Benign
2. Dysplastic (low to high grade)
3. Carcinoma in situ (BM intact)
4. Invasive carcinoma
5. Metastatic carcinoma

Question 16

Benign tumors arising from germ cells.

Answer 16

Teratomas

Question 17

(X) tumor may have neoplastic components of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.

Answer 17

X = mixed

Question 18

Pleomorphism is characteristic of (benign/malignant) tumors.

Answer 18

Malignant

Question 19

Nomenclature: Malignant neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissue.

Answer 19

Sarcoma (ex: fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma)

Question 20

Nomenclature: Malignant neoplasm arising from epithelial tissue.

Answer 20

Carcinoma (ex: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma)

Question 21

Grade of a tumor is based on degree of (X). Most grading systems have (1/2/3/4/5) grades.

Answer 21

X = anaplasia (differentiation) of neoplastic cells
3 grades (increasing degrees of malignancy)

Question 22

List the four key exceptions to the “oma” rule. These examples are (benign/malignant), despite ending in “oma”.

Answer 22

Malignant;

1. Lymphoma
2. Hepatoma
3. Mesothelioma
4. Melanoma

Question 23

Tumors: Choice of surgical/treatment approach influenced mainly by (grade/stage).

Answer 23

Stage

Question 24

Cancer staging follows (X) criteria, which stands for:

Answer 24

X = TNM
T: primary tumor size
N: number of node metastases
M: presence/extent of distant metastases