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Pharm > 03b: Adrenergic Drugs > Flashcards

03b: Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

List the adrenergic receptor subtypes that act by cAMP as second messenger. Star those that decrease its production.

A
  1. Alpha-2*
  2. Beta 1 and 2
  3. D1
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2
Q

NE is synthesized from (X) and broken down either in synaptic cleft or in terminal by (Y).

A 
X = Tyr
Y = MAO
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3
Q

Phenylephrine is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = alpha1-R

Agonist

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4
Q

Clonidine is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = alpha2-R

Agonist

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5
Q

Isoproterenol is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = beta-R

Agonist

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6
Q

Dobutamine is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = beta1-R

Agonist

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7
Q

Albuterol is a(n) (X)-selective (agonist/antagonist).

A

X = beta2-R

Agonist

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8
Q

Alpha receptors are more sensitive to (Epi/NE).

A

Epi

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9
Q

Alpha receptors are more sensitive to (Isoproterenol/NE).

A

NE

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10
Q

Beta receptors are more sensitive to (Isoproterenol/NE).

A

Isoproterenol

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11
Q

Alpha receptors are more sensitive to (phenylephrine/isoproterenol).

A

Phenylephrine

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12
Q

(X) agonist could be given to (increase/decrease) renin release by acting on (alpha/beta) receptor.

A

X = dobutamine
Increase;
Beta1

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13
Q

(X) agonist could cause (mydriasis/miosis) by acting on (alpha/beta) receptor.

A

X = phenylephrine
Mydriasis;
Alpha1

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14
Q

Main effect of dopamine action on D1 receptor:

A

Dilates renal vasculature

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15
Q

T/F: Epi is relatively non-selective between alpha and beta receptors.

A

True

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16
Q

NE has greatest effect on (X) receptor and least effect on (Y). List receptors in order of NE’s preference.

A 
X = alpha1
Y = beta2

alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2

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17
Q

Dopamine activates which (alpha/beta) receptor(s)?

A

Beta1 (more than), alpha1

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18
Q

T/F: Selectivity equals specificity.

A

False - absolute selectivity is specificity

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19
Q

T/F: Epi action on beta2 and alpha1 receptors is the same (contraction)

A

False - relaxation via beta2

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20
Q

At high Epi conc, (alpha/beta) receptor effect of (X) will predominate. Why?

A

Alpha1;
X = contraction

There are greater number of these receptors

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21
Q

Under normal conditions, administration of NE will cause (increase/decrease) in BP and (increase/decrease) HR. Which receptor/messenger account for this?

A

Increase; decrease

Vagal reflex; ACh via M2

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22
Q

T/F: Admin of NE and Epi will have same effect on HR.

A

False - Epi increase HR since alpha1 vasoconstriction and beta2 vasodilation about equal (stable MAP, no vagal reflex)

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23
Q

A moderate dose of isoproterenol will (increase/decrease) MAP and BP because:

A

Decrease;

Beta2 vasodilation outweighs beta1 increase HR

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24
Q

(X) is drug found in nasal decongestants. It targets (Y) receptors to counter/minimize (Z) effect.

A 
X = phenylephrine
Y = alpha1
Z = dilation/engorgement (of nasal mucosa blood vessels)
25
Q

(X) drug commonly used to extend local anesthetic action. What’s the mechanism?

A

X = epi

Alpha1-R (vasoconstriction) reduces drug absorption

26
Q

After cardiac arrest, (X) drug used for resuscitation purposes, targeting (Y) receptors.

A 
X = epi
Y = alpha1 and beta1
27
Q

Adrenergic (agonists/antagonists) are used to treat wide angle glaucoma. (X) receptors for (vasoconstriction/vasodilation). (Y) receptors to (increase/decrease) fluid secretion.

A 
Agonists;
X = alpha1
Vasoconstriction
Y = alpha2
Decrease
28
Q

Adrenergic (agonists/antagonists) are used to delay labor by:

A

Agonists;

beta2 relaxation of uterine smooth muscle

29
Q

T/F: Adrenergic agonists are used to treat opioid withdrawal.

A

True

30
Q

(Cholinergic/Adrenergic) (agonists/antagonists) used to treat ADD.

A

Adrenergic agonists

31
Q

Acute treatment of anaphylaxis is (X). List receptors targeted and why.

A

X = epi

  1. Alpha1 (vasoconstriction to elevate BP and suppress glottal edema)
  2. Beta1 (increase CO to elevate BP)
  3. Beta2 (counteract bronchoconstriction)
32
Q

T/F: Adrenergic agonists, via vasoconstriction, can reduce risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

A

False! Toxicity of these drugs can cause hypertensive crisis and cerebral hemorrhage

33
Q

List some effects of adrenergic agonist toxicity on the heart.

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Myocardial ischemia
  3. Arrhythmias
34
Q

Adrenergic agonist toxicity may cause (hypo/hyper)-glycemia because (X) receptor activation promotes:

A

Hyperglycemia;
X = beta2 (in liver and skeletal muscle)
Glycogen to glucose conversion

35
Q

Indirect-acting sympathomimetics general mechanism of action.

A

Increase availability of endogenous adrenergic transmitters

36
Q

List examples of indirect adrenergic agonists that (increase/decrease) (epi/NE) release.

A

Increase NE release;

  1. Tyramine
  2. Ephedrine
  3. Amphetamine
37
Q

(X) drug present in cheese, red wine, and (small quantities) in gut. If (Y), the enzyme that degrades it, is inhibited, individual is in danger of (Z).

A 
X = tyramine
Y = MAO
Z = hypertensive crisis (too much NE released from terminals)
38
Q

(X) can be converted to (Y), which is a “false transmitter”. It replaces (Z) in nerve terminals and can be released, but has little action on receptors.

A 
X = tyramine
Y = octopamine
Z = NE
39
Q

List two examples of indirect adrenergic agonists used for ADHD meds.

A
  1. Methylphenidate

2. Dextroamphetamine

40
Q

T/F: Both ephedrine and pseudoephedrine use has been FDA-restricted due to adverse effects.

A

False - pseudoephedrine widely used OTC decongestant

41
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants fall into (X) class of drugs. They function to (increase/decrease) (Y) messengers via which mechanism?

A

X = indirect adrenergic agonists
Increase
Y = NE and DA
Inhibit reuptake

42
Q

T/F: Cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants function via the same mechanism of action.

A

True (inhibit NE, DA reuptake)

43
Q

(X) is example of direct neuronal blocker. It depletes NE stores by inhibiting (Y).

A 
X = reserpine
Y = vesicular monoamine transport within synapse
44
Q

Phentolamine falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?

A

Adrenergic (alpha receptor) antagonist

45
Q

Prazosin falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?

A

Adrenergic (alpha1 receptor) antagonist

46
Q

Propranolol falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?

A

Adrenergic (beta receptor) antagonist

47
Q

Metoprolol falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?

A

Adrenergic (beta1 receptor) antagonist

48
Q

Carvedilol falls into which class of drugs? Which receptor targeted?

A

Adrenergic (alpha1 and beta receptor) antagonist

49
Q

Treatment of pheochromocytoma: (X) receptors (activated/blocked) first, then (Y) receptors.

A

X = alpha1
Blocked
Y = beta (also blocked)

50
Q

Raynaud’s disease would be treated with adrenergic (agonist/antagonist).

A

Antagonist (reduce digital vasoconstriction)

51
Q

BPH is treated with (cholinergic/adrenergic) (agonist/antagonist).

A

Adrenergic antagonist

52
Q

Salt/water retention and edema could be side effect of adrenergic (agonist/antagonist) drugs. Briefly explain

A

Antagonist (reflex beta1-R stimulation of renal RAS system)

53
Q

Adrenergic alpha-R antagonists are used to treat heart failure via which mechanism?

A

Reduce vascular resistance

54
Q

Adrenergic beta-R (agonists/antagonists) are used to treat hypertension via which mechanism?

A

Antagonists;

Reduce CO and inhibit renin production

55
Q

(Cholinergic/adrenergic) (agonists/antagonists) targeting (X) receptors are used to treat migraine prophylaxis.

A

Adrenergic antagonists;

X = beta

56
Q

List examples of reflex effects that arise from postural hypotension.

A
  1. Reflex tachycardia
  2. Myocardial ischemia (increased O2 demand from tachycardia)
  3. Peripheral edema
57
Q

(X) (agonists/antagonists) are used to treat BPH since they (contract/relax) bladder neck.

A

X = alpha-1R
Antagonists;
Relax

58
Q

(X) (agonists/antagonists) used to treat open-angle glaucoma.

A

X = betaR

Antagonists

Pharm (16 decks)

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