01a: Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
List the pharmacologic phenomena that describe time course of drug in body.
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Elimination
Passive diffusion follows (0/1/2)-order kinetics. Thus, rate of transport depends on (X).
1
X = conc gradient
List the physicochemical features of drug molecules that affect drug transport.
- MW
- Lipophilicity (oil:water partition coeff)
- pKa (ionizable groups)
- Physical form (solid/liquid/gas)
- Stability in aqueous soln
- Affinity for proteins
Active transport follows (0/1/2)-order kinetics. Thus, (X) is constant.
0
X = rate of transport
(X) method of drug transport is especially important for high MW compounds, such as protein therapeutics.
X = endocytosis
Ionization markedly increases (X), thus (increasing/decreasing) lipophilicity.
X = hydrophilicity
Decreasing
Drugs with (X) groups act as acids and become (pos/neg)-charged as pH (increases/decreases).
X = carboxylate
Neg
Increases
Drugs with (X) groups act as bases and become (pos/neg)-charged as pH (increases/decreases).
X = amine
pos;
Decreases
A drug that’s a weak base is able to cross cell membrane via diffusion at (high/low) pH.
High (loses H, becomes neutral)
Aspirin is a (strong/weak) (acid/base) with pKa of 3.5. At physiological pH, can it cross membrane via diffusion?
Weak acid;
No - neg charged (lost H)
(X) is the transport of small molecule drugs in bulk flow of aqueous fluid. What does the rate of this transport depend on?
X = filtration
- Hydrostatic P
- Drug properties (MW, size, charge, binding)
- Tissue porosity
List some organs/structures that use filtration as method of drug transport.
Glomerulus, liver sinusoids, choroid plexus
(X) transport is an important mechanism for mAb transport. In the body, mAb are transported from (Y) into (Z) spaces.
X = convective Y = lymph or blood Z = tissue spaces
Convective transport depends on:
- Fluid flow rate (into tissue)
- Sieving effect of paracellular pores
- Hydrostatic P gradient
The sieving effect in (X) transport depends on:
X = convective
- Size/shape of pores
- Size/shape/charge of Ab
P-glycoprotein1 (Pgp) is a drug transporter belonging to (X) family. Which types of substrates does it transport?
X = ABC
Neutral, cationic, and amphipathic substrates (multidrug/variable)
OAT1, aka (X), is a drug transporter belonging to (Y) family.
X = Organic anion transporter; Y = solute carrier
Rate of receptor-mediated endocytosis is dependent on:
- Receptor expression
2. Membrane insertion of receptor
T/F: All transport of Ab via endocytosis involves specific binding.
False - fluid phase endocytosis is nonspecific (no ligand binding)
Fluid-phase endocytosis is a process driven by (X). It’s responsible for entrance of which drugs into (Y) tissues?
X = mAb concentration on extracellular side
mAb
Y = endothelial and peripheral
Absorption kinetics: how long it takes for….
Transport of drug from site of admin to systemic circulation
Absorption kinetics are characterized by:
- Absorption half-life
2. Bioavailability
Define bioavailability.
Percent of the administered dose that’s absorbed (reaches circulation in SAME molecular form)
T/F: Fastest possible input rate is seen in oral route of drug administration.
False - IV