06 Angle of Climb Flashcards
Rate of climb?
The rate of gain of altitude measured in feet per minute (ft/min)
Rate of climb is not affected by headwind or tailwind.
Angle of climb?
The angle that the aircraft trajectory subtends to the horizontal, measured in degrees.
Gradient of climb?
The gain in altitude expressed as percentage of the horizontal AIR distance travelled.
Ways in which angle and climb gradient are measured?
Either relative to the air mass or relative to the ground.
Effect of headwind and tailwind on gradient?
Headwind increases climb angle / gradient.
Tailwind reduces climb angle / gradient.
Equation for Thrust in a climb?
T = D + W sin γ
Equation for Lift in a climb?
L = W cos γ
When does an AC climb at a steeper angle?
- At TOGA power setting.
- With less flap (a lower/smaller flap setting)
- When lighter (less weight and drag)
Climb angle through the air is shallower when?
- The AC is ehavier (high take-off mass)
- An engien fails or when thrust is reduced for some reason. E.g. ambient conditions are hotter, or higher, or the aeroplane is using a reduced thrust setting.
- When there is more drag caused. e.g. by extending thrust of landing gear.
If a climb occurs at net flight path? Or second segment
Climb with 1 engine out?
Vx?
The speed for best angle of climb.
Speed at which an aeroplane achives maximum angle or gradient of a climb.
Vx for a Turbo jet AC on a drag speed curve?
Can be found on a Drag speed curve.
This is the point at which there is greatest excess thrust.
Vx is at Vmd for a turbojet.
The point where the maximum angle is achieved when flying with the minimum thrust required.
Vx for a propeller AC on a drag speed curve?
Can be found on a Drag speed curve.
This is the point at which there is greatest excess thrust.
Effect of AC mass on Vx for a jet?
The total drag curve moves up and to the right as induced drag increases.
This reduces the exess thrust avaliable.
This also causes Vmd and Vx to increase for a heavier AC.
The effect of config on Vx position?
Increases parasitic drag. Which causes the drag curve up and to the left.
Excess thrust decreases, and Vx reduces for dirty AC.
The effect on Vx as altitude increases?
As altitude increases, air pressure and air density decarese, resulting in less thrust. As AC normall climb at constant CAS at lower and medium altitudes. The total drag curve doesn’t move.
Therefore:
* Vx(CAS) remains constant
* Vx(TAS) increases.
* The angle of climb reduces.
Effect altitude on Vx for a prop?
Vx increases as the alttiude increases. Reduced drag and reduces excess thrust.
- Vx(CAS) increases.
- Vx(TAS) increases.
- The angle of climb reduces.
Effect of engine failure on Vx for a jet?
Engine failure leads to reduction in thrust and an increase in parasite drag.
Curve moves slightly up and left. This causes a slight reduction in Vx. There is a substantial reduction in excess thrust.
How is one engine out Vx speed displayed on PFD?
Green dot.
Effect of engine failure on Vx for a prop?
Thrust halves.
Vxse, is higher then Vx.
(Assuming gear up and prop feathered)
Effect of engine failure on a prop AC, worst case?
In the worst case, high alitude, high temp, high drag. The drag exceeds the thrust at all speeds. Here a climb is no longer possible, and a forced landing or descent is the only option.
