05 - Major Tranquilizers

Question 1

(Clinical Uses) (of phenothiazines)

1. Restraint for what?

(Preanesthetic - prior to barbituates, ketamine, etc)

2. promotes what?
3. allows reduced dosage of what?
4. what two other things?
5. protects against what?

(Antipruritic action)

6. Temeril-P (trimeprazine + prednisolone)

(Body temp effects)

7. induction of what?

(Behavior modification)

8. does what?

Answer 1

1. exotic species
2. smoother induction/recovery
3. anesthetic
4. antiemetic (anticholinergic)
5. cardiac arrhythmias induced by halogen anesthetics which stimulate epi release (decreases rate and duration of cardian AP’s)
6. hypothermia (heat stroke)
7. excessive barking, aggression

Question 2

(Phenothiazines)

(Hypotensive Crises)

1. eg hypovalemia.. use like what?
2. due to blockade of what?
3. prevent or treat with what? but not with what?

(Hepatotoxicity)

(Drug Interactions)

1. accentuate toxicity of what?
2. cannot use during epidural anesthesia… why?

Answer 2

1. phenoxybenzamine
2. a-adrenergic receptors
3. phenylephrine or NE, but not epinephrine
4. organophosphate insecticides
5. exacerbates hypotension caused by local anesthetics

Question 3

(Phenothiazines)

(Extrapyramidal disorders)

1. Parkinson like (tremor, rigidity, etc)

(CNS stimulation)

1. paradoxical stimulation occasionally if i.a. or fast i.v.
2. can stimulate seizures: avoid use in what?

Answer 3

2. epileptic animals

Question 4

(Butyrophenones)

1. primary action on what?
2. same general actions as what?

what three?

Answer 4

1. dopamine receptors in CNS
2. as phenothiazines

antipsychotic in humans, antiemetic, a-adrenergic receptor blockade in periphery

Question 5

(Butyrophenones)

1. azaperone: especillay useful in swine herd management

(antiagressive action)

1. low dose?
2. medium dose?
3. high dose?
4. pharmacokinetics?

Answer 5

1. population stress/decrase aggression
2. socialization
3. knock em down
4. similar to phenothiazines

Question 6

(Pharmacological Actions)

(Butyrophenones are similar to phenothiazines with the following exceptions)

1. more or less a-adrenergic receptor (lower BP) effects that phenothiazines?
2. less or more anticholinergic activity?
3. lower or higher tendency for extrapyramidal effects?

4. lesser or great antiemtic activity?

5. sedation with less or more ataxia that phenothiazines?

Answer 6

1. lower (will still see decreased HR)
2. less
3. higher
4. greater
5. less

Question 7

(Butyrophenones)

(Clinical Use)

1. used in combination with anesthetics like fentanyl for what effets?
2. Atropine pretreament is advised due to what produced by fentanyl?
3. used alone strictly for what effect?
4. decrease dose in what siutations?

Answer 7

1. antiarrhymthmic, antiemetic, and potentiative (but inoovar-Vet is cost-prohibitive for use in large animals)
2. bradycardia
3. antiemetic
4. when used in older, obese, and large dogs

or when used a preanesthetic

Question 8

(Butyrophenones)

(Adverse Reactions)

(similar to phenothiazines)

1-4. what four?

Answer 8

1. hypotension
2. epinephrine reversal
3. extrapyramidal effects following chronic use
4. personality changes in dogs (usually aggression) typically 24 hr following use of innovar-vat, but not doperidol or fenatyl alone

Question 9

(Butyrophenones)

(drug interactions)

1. potentiaion of of what?

Answer 9

1. barbituate and narcotic analgesics as well as other CNS depressants

Question 10

(Reserpine)

1. Rauwolfia alkaloind found in climbing shrubs in INdia
2. used in Hindu medicine for hypertension, insomnia, snakebite, and insanity

Question 11

(Butyrophenones)**confused about this placement - may be resperine

(Pharmacokinetics)

1. how absorbed orally and parenterally? safe iv?
2. lipophilic or phobic?
3. Although rapidly redistributed and metabolized, it has a slow onset and long duration due to what?

Answer 11

1. well both ways; safe
2. philic
3. tight binding to the vesicular membrances where it inhibits uptake

Question 12

(Butyropheones or reserpine - figure this out!)

(Pharmacological actions: Sympathectomy)

1. mechanism of action… does what?
2. hypotension - decreases sympathetic tone following what?
3. sedation - tendency to sleep - ataxia? aroused easily?
4. get what at high doses?
5. does it have anti-cholinergic, - histamine, a-adrenergic blocking activity?

Answer 12

1. blocks reuptake of monoamines (DA, NE, Epi, 5-HT), into stoarge vesicles in nerve terminals, rsulting in their metabolism and depletion
2. NE depletion from peripheral nerves
3. no significant ataxia and animal easily aroused
4. convulsions and extrapyramidal effects
5. no

Question 13

(Butyropheones or reserpine - figure this out!)

(Clincal Uses)

1. feed additive in turkey poults to prevent what?
2. takes the edge of nervous race horse - ILLEGAL

(Adverse Reactions)

1. respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, diarrhea, nausea, gastric ulcers, salivation, nasal congestion, hypothermia, nightmares… all due to what?

Answer 13

1. aortic rupture by decreasing blood pressure
2. loss of monoamines!

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15