005 - opiod analgesics

Question 1

Compared to Morphine (in regards to potency), how does Codeine compare (more or less)

Answer 1

Less Potent

Question 2

Compared to Morphine (in regards to potency), how does Oxymorphine compare (more or less)

Answer 2

More Potent

Question 3

Most potent narcotic analgesic

Answer 3

Etorphine

Question 4

Because of Etorphine’s high potency it should be antagonized by……

Answer 4

Diprenorphine (similar structural compound. usually used in large animal)

Question 5

What would be a more commonly used drug to antagonize Etorphine?

Answer 5

Naloxone (pure antagonist)

Question 6

Why would you use Codeine orally rather than Morphine?

Answer 6

Goes directly to the liver, making Oral Codeine better due to better bio availability

Question 7

Morphine is sequestered in what part of the body?

Answer 7

Stomach (making it less bioavailable than Codiene)

Question 8

Oral or I.V. administration of Morphine is more rapidly metabolized?

Answer 8

Morphine more rapidly metabolized in the gut

Question 9

Compared to Morphine (in regards to potency), how does Butorphanol compare (more or less)

Answer 9

Butorphanol more potent (4-7 x), but less efficacious. Can be used to reverse morphine induced respiratory depression while still providing some analgesia.

Question 10

Oxymorphone has more or less respiratory depression?

Answer 10

Less

Question 11

Name the opioid receptor types?

Answer 11

Mu
Delta
Kappa

Question 12

Morphine interacts best with which opioid receptor subtype?

Answer 12

Mu

Question 13

Butorphanol interacts best with which opioid receptor subtype?

Answer 13

Kappa

Question 14

Opioid D and L isomers: Which one has the best analgesic activity?

Answer 14

L sterioisomer

Question 15

What is the D isomer of Opioids best used clinically for?

Answer 15

D has more anti-tussant activity

Question 16

Opioids increase or decrease flux of what in the ion channels?

Answer 16

Open K+ channels

Close Ca++ (prevents neurotransmitter release)

Question 17

Butorphanol produces more or less resp depression and GI effects than morphine?

Answer 17

Less

Question 18

Which opioid receptor type causes analgesia?

Answer 18

Mu
Delta
Kappa

Question 19

Which opioid receptor type causes more respiratory depression?

Answer 19

Mu and Delta

Question 20

Which opioid receptor type causes more diuresis?

Answer 20

Kappa

Question 21

Long acting, endogenous receptor opioid made in the brain?

Answer 21

Endorphins (in areas in brain linked to HPA axis and cleaved from proopiomelantocortin)

Question 22

What is an endogenous opioid that is linked to chronic pain?

Answer 22

Dynorphin

Question 23

Name as many species that are sedated by Morphine?

Answer 23

Rat, rabbits, dogs, cattle, primates, guinea pigs (NOT MICE)

Question 24

Morphine causes death by….

Answer 24

Respiratory Depression (but c.v. system is not affected as much. Use respirator)

Question 25

Name an opioid drug used as an anti-tussant compound and not analgesia

Answer 25

Dextromethrophan

Question 26

Opioids are synergistically potentiated by which two drug categories

Answer 26

Major Tranquilizers | NSAIDS

Question 27

Opioids affects on g.i. tract (absorption, motility, etc.)

Answer 27

Spasms of sphincters (defecation and vomitting) Decrease motility Increase absorption Leading to very severe constipation

Question 28

Duration of naloxane compared to morphine (which is shorter, which is longer)

Answer 28

Naloxone is much shorter

Question 29

To combat respiratory depression caused by Morphine how often would you have to give naloxone?

Answer 29

Check every 20 minutes (Naloxone has no respiratory depressive effects like some other Narcotic Analgesics)

Question 30

Name two different drug combinations that are referred to neuroloptic drug (trade name and the generic names)

Answer 30

Fentanyl + Droperidol | Etorphine + Acetylpromazine (zoo medicint)

Question 31

Does naloxone block the anti-tussant effect of codeine?

Answer 31

No (not caused by an opiate receptor and naloxone is not an opiate antagonist)

Question 32

Do opiates decrease/increase nuerotransmitter release

Answer 32

decrease

Question 33

What might you give to a horse in a standing surgery position to prevent the excitation effect of morphine?

Answer 33

preanestethic like xylazine

Question 34

Name two drug combinations ref to as neuroleptic-analgesic compounds

Answer 34

Fentanyl + Droperidol (more used_ | Etorphine + Ace (exotics)

Question 35

Does Naloxone block the antitussive effect of Codeine?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

Why use codeine rather than morphine?

Answer 36

Morphine has first-pass metabolism and is trapped in gut; codeine can be given orally

Question 37

Is diprenorphine more or less analgesic than fentanyl?

Answer 37

less

Question 38

Is diprenorphine more or less analgesic than butorphanol?

Answer 38

less

Question 39

Opiates increase or decrease NT release?

Answer 39

decrease

Question 40

What might you give to a horse to prevent the side affects of morphine (standing surgery)?

Answer 40

Preanesthetic like xylazine

Question 41

What is one negative effect of pentazocine?

Answer 41

Dysphoric