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004 - Neuropharmacology > 005 - opiod analgesics > Flashcards

005 - opiod analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

Compared to Morphine (in regards to potency), how does Codeine compare (more or less)

A

Less Potent

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2
Q

Compared to Morphine (in regards to potency), how does Oxymorphine compare (more or less)

A

More Potent

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3
Q

Most potent narcotic analgesic

A

Etorphine

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4
Q

Because of Etorphine’s high potency it should be antagonized by……

A

Diprenorphine (similar structural compound. usually used in large animal)

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5
Q

What would be a more commonly used drug to antagonize Etorphine?

A

Naloxone (pure antagonist)

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6
Q

Why would you use Codeine orally rather than Morphine?

A

Goes directly to the liver, making Oral Codeine better due to better bio availability

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7
Q

Morphine is sequestered in what part of the body?

A

Stomach (making it less bioavailable than Codiene)

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8
Q

Oral or I.V. administration of Morphine is more rapidly metabolized?

A

Morphine more rapidly metabolized in the gut

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9
Q

Compared to Morphine (in regards to potency), how does Butorphanol compare (more or less)

A

Butorphanol more potent (4-7 x), but less efficacious. Can be used to reverse morphine induced respiratory depression while still providing some analgesia.

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10
Q

Oxymorphone has more or less respiratory depression?

A

Less

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11
Q

Name the opioid receptor types?

A

Mu
Delta
Kappa

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12
Q

Morphine interacts best with which opioid receptor subtype?

A

Mu

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13
Q

Butorphanol interacts best with which opioid receptor subtype?

A

Kappa

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14
Q

Opioid D and L isomers: Which one has the best analgesic activity?

A

L sterioisomer

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15
Q

What is the D isomer of Opioids best used clinically for?

A

D has more anti-tussant activity

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16
Q

Opioids increase or decrease flux of what in the ion channels?

A

Open K+ channels

Close Ca++ (prevents neurotransmitter release)

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17
Q

Butorphanol produces more or less resp depression and GI effects than morphine?

A

Less

18
Q

Which opioid receptor type causes analgesia?

A

Mu
Delta
Kappa

19
Q

Which opioid receptor type causes more respiratory depression?

A

Mu and Delta

20
Q

Which opioid receptor type causes more diuresis?

A

Kappa

21
Q

Long acting, endogenous receptor opioid made in the brain?

A

Endorphins (in areas in brain linked to HPA axis and cleaved from proopiomelantocortin)

22
Q

What is an endogenous opioid that is linked to chronic pain?

A

Dynorphin

23
Q

Name as many species that are sedated by Morphine?

A

Rat, rabbits, dogs, cattle, primates, guinea pigs (NOT MICE)

24
Q

Morphine causes death by….

A

Respiratory Depression (but c.v. system is not affected as much. Use respirator)

25
Q

Name an opioid drug used as an anti-tussant compound and not analgesia

A

Dextromethrophan

26
Q

Opioids are synergistically potentiated by which two drug categories

A

Major Tranquilizers

NSAIDS

27
Q

Opioids affects on g.i. tract (absorption, motility, etc.)

A

Spasms of sphincters (defecation and vomitting)
Decrease motility
Increase absorption
Leading to very severe constipation

28
Q

Duration of naloxane compared to morphine (which is shorter, which is longer)

A

Naloxone is much shorter

29
Q

To combat respiratory depression caused by Morphine how often would you have to give naloxone?

A

Check every 20 minutes (Naloxone has no respiratory depressive effects like some other Narcotic Analgesics)

30
Q

Name two different drug combinations that are referred to neuroloptic drug (trade name and the generic names)

A

Fentanyl + Droperidol

Etorphine + Acetylpromazine (zoo medicint)

31
Q

Does naloxone block the anti-tussant effect of codeine?

A

No (not caused by an opiate receptor and naloxone is not an opiate antagonist)

32
Q

Do opiates decrease/increase nuerotransmitter release

A

decrease

33
Q

What might you give to a horse in a standing surgery position to prevent the excitation effect of morphine?

A

preanestethic like xylazine

34
Q

Name two drug combinations ref to as neuroleptic-analgesic compounds

A

Fentanyl + Droperidol (more used_

Etorphine + Ace (exotics)

35
Q

Does Naloxone block the antitussive effect of Codeine?

A

no

36
Q

Why use codeine rather than morphine?

A

Morphine has first-pass metabolism and is trapped in gut; codeine can be given orally

37
Q

Is diprenorphine more or less analgesic than fentanyl?

A

less

38
Q

Is diprenorphine more or less analgesic than butorphanol?

A

less

39
Q

Opiates increase or decrease NT release?

A

decrease

40
Q

What might you give to a horse to prevent the side affects of morphine (standing surgery)?

A

Preanesthetic like xylazine

41
Q

What is one negative effect of pentazocine?

A

Dysphoric

004 - Neuropharmacology (11 decks)

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